*SET-U

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD

COVERAGE LEDGER ↗
EDGE / 0609borrowingprobable

A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.

A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.

CHILD / LATER FORM / attestedPresent-Day English · Middle English–today · adjective suffix

-al

of, like, related to, or pertaining to

OPEN NODE 639 ↗
DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / attestedOld French · Old French period · adjective suffix

-al

adjective-forming suffix

OPEN NODE 640 ↗
01

THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP

EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE

SOUND CHANGE

Middle English receives the suffix through French formations.

SEMANTIC CHANGE

The adjective-forming function remains stable.

CHRONOLOGY

Middle English onward.

SCHOLAR / EDITORIAL AUTHORITY

Douglas Harper

CONFIDENCE

probable — The source also allows direct Latin formation.

EDITORIAL STATUS

reviewed

02

CITATION REGISTER

SOURCES ON THIS EDGE

S01
-al — Online Etymology DictionaryMiddle English from French or directly from Latin -alis

Supplies the French channel.

supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
03

EDITORIAL REUSE

WHERE THIS CLAIM APPEARS