820 canonical forms + 578 route stages.
THE TIMELINE ATLAS
JOURNEY ATLAS ↗FORM / ROUTE / BOUND
1398 REVIEWED EVENTSLANGUAGE
IN TIME.
One cross-word chronology for every defensibly bounded form and journey stage—without converting a vague historical label into a fake year.
A reviewed graph bound, not a claim of an earliest human word.
Only stages with directly cited numeric bounds enter this atlas.
Labels remain visible in Journey Atlas, but not parsed into false years.
001398 MATCHING EVENTS
FILTER THE CHRONOLOGY
WHEN DID THE EVIDENCE LAND?
TWO CLOCKS.
NO FALSE PRECISION.
FORM CHRONOLOGY dates a canonical linguistic form or reconstruction in the lexical graph.
ROUTE CHRONOLOGY dates a geographic or transmission stage in a word’s journey.
They can share an era band, but they are never silently treated as the same kind of claim.
CROSS-WORD CHRONOLOGY / EARLIEST BOUND FIRST
THE EVIDENCE IN TIME
Prehistory30 ON THIS PAGE
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
ROUTE STAGEProposed Indo-European comparative horizon
Freund
*prī-
The shared friend-family route reaches a proposed comparative root, not one archaeological site, written token, or recoverable institution.
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*dhigh-ūrā-
Proto-Indo-European suffixed zero-grade formation
result of forming or kneading
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
ROUTE STAGEProposed Indo-European comparative horizon
vriend
*prī-
The shared friend-family route reaches a proposed comparison, not one archaeological place or directly attested proto-word.
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
ROUTE STAGEProposed Indo-European comparative horizon
frændi
*prī-
American Heritage places the shared Germanic friend and free family under a reconstructed Indo-European root. This is not a written token, recoverable institution, or single archaeological coordinate.
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*dh(e)ghom-
Proto-Indo-European o-grade form
earth
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*dhg̑hem-
oldest Proto-Indo-European form
earth
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
ROUTE STAGEProposed Indo-European comparative horizon
frēond
*prī-
American Heritage places the shared Germanic friend and free family under a proposed Indo-European root. This is not a written token, recoverable institution, or single archaeological point.
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*(dh)ghom-o-
Proto-Indo-European suffixed o-grade formation
earth; ground
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*dhi-n-gh-
Proto-Indo-European nasalized zero-grade formation
to shape; form
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*gn̥ə-yo-
Proto-Indo-European suffixed zero grade
generation, lineage, or kin formation
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*ǵenh₁-
oldest reviewed Proto-Indo-European form
give birth; beget; produce, with derivatives for family and tribal groups
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*gn̥ə-t-
Proto-Indo-European suffixed zero grade
born or produced; a birth-, nature-, or kind-forming derivative
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*rē-dh-
Proto-Indo-European suffixed variant
a suffixed formation behind condition, counsel, and related Germanic derivatives
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*h₂erh₁-
oldest reviewed Proto-Indo-European form
fit together
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*ḱh₂d-es-
proposed Proto-Indo-European formation
a proposed formation connecting grief, pain, care, mourning, and hatred words
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*ḱeh₂d-
proposed Proto-Indo-European base
a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*peh₁-
proposed Proto-Indo-European base
a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*kad-
proposed Proto-Indo-European base
a proposed base used in a wider Celtic, Germanic, Italic, Iranian, and Greek comparison
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-
Pokorny Indo-European etymon
to bore, drill, prick, or stab; in Germanic reflexes, sharpen, whet, or incite
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*prī-
proposed Indo-European comparison
a proposed Indo-European root compared with the Germanic friend and free family
4500 BCE–1000 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Indo-European
*kad-t/si-
proposed pre-Celtic or Indo-European formation
a proposed formation underlying Proto-Celtic *katsi-
4000 BCE–2000 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Siouan
*ahtí•
Proto-Siouan prehistory
dwell, dwelling, house
2500 BCE–500 CErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Eskimo
*qan-yaq
Proto-Eskimo reconstruction
reconstructed kayak formation
2500 BCE–500 CErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Eskimo
*qan(ə)-
deeper Proto-Eskimo analysis
to go or come near
2000 BCE–1000 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Oceanic
*tampu
Proto-Oceanic reconstruction
sacred, forbidden; under ritual restriction
2000 BCE–500 CErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Mississippi Valley Siouan
*htí
Proto-Mississippi Valley Siouan
dwell; dwelling root
2000 BCE–500 CErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Turkic
*kad- / *kad-ï
Proto-Turkic analysis
fir tree; reconstructed base proposed in the boat-word history
1600 BCE–800 BCErange
ROUTE STAGEPrehistoric Greek linguistic horizon
κῆδος
long-vowel formation behind Ionic-Attic κῆδος and Doric κᾶδος
The dialect forms support a Greek history while no unique Proto-Hellenic token, speaker, or homeland is directly preserved.
1500 BCE–500 BCErange
CANONICAL FORMPalaeo-Germanic
*stagh-ná-
Palaeo-Germanic reconstruction
pile or stack; proposed source of a stone-pile stove term
1500 BCE–500 CErange
CANONICAL FORMProto-Germanic
*mūs
Proto-Germanic prehistory
mouse
UNBOUNDED IS
A REAL RESULT.
Stages without source-backed numeric bounds stay in their complete Journey Atlas route, carry an explicit temporal note, and remain absent here until the evidence supports normalization. The missing point is visible work—not permission to guess.