*SET-U

THE JOURNEY ATLAS

TIMELINE ATLAS ↗

MAP THE ROUTE / KEEP THE LIMIT

PLACE → PERIOD → TRANSFORMATION

WORDS HAVE
ADDRESSES.

Trace where a word’s reviewed history passed through—and see every broad, global, or uncertain stage that cannot honestly be reduced to one point.

THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTRACT

A ROUTE IS A MODEL.
NOT A GPS TRACE.

Regional pins locate reviewed cultural stages. Approximate pins locate broad reconstructed or contact regions. Global stages stay unpinned. Every route preserves its full editorial sequence; only directly cited, explicitly bounded stages also enter the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

959REVIEWED ROUTE STAGES

Ordered inside 214 complete dossier journeys.

230HONEST MAP POINTS

231 coordinate pairs exist; global placements are suppressed.

729NO SINGLE PIN

Broad, global, uncertain, or not honestly reducible to one point.

959DIRECTLY CITED STAGES

1324 claim-level citations; every remaining stage is a frontier task.

578NUMERIC TIME BOUNDS

Source-backed stages now join the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

381TIME BOUNDS WITHHELD

Historic labels remain readable without being parsed into false years.

00

FILTER THE ROUTE ARCHIVE

WHERE DID THE WORD GO?

214 ROUTES / 959 MATCHING STAGES

Filters select complete word journeys when any stage matches. The map and route card then preserve the surrounding stages, so a search result never becomes a historically amputated dot.

01

THE REVIEWED GEOGRAPHIC LAYER

WORDS DO NOT MOVE IN STRAIGHT LINES.

230 PLOTTED STAGES
230 plotted stages in matching word journeys-logy, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic record — -logiā, logos, and legein-logy, stage 3: Northern France — Old French -logie-logy, stage 4: England — Middle English -logieadverb, stage 2: Roman grammatical tradition — Latin adverbiumadverb, stage 3: France and England — Middle French to Middle Englishaguacate, stage 1: Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico — 1571 Molina recordalgebra, stage 1: Baghdad — c. 825algebra, stage 2: Iberian and Latin translation worlds — 12th centuryalgebra, stage 3: England — 1551algorism, stage 1: Khwārizmian name horizon — approximately 780–850algorism, stage 2: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th centuryalgorism, stage 3: France and England — 13th–14th centuriesalgorism, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th centuryalgorithm, stage 1: Khwārizm — 8th–9th centuriesalgorithm, stage 2: Baghdad — 9th centuryalgorithm, stage 3: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th–15th centuriesarithmetic, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic world — antiquityarithmetic, stage 2: Latin and medieval French scholarship — 12th–13th centuriesarithmetic, stage 3: Medieval England — circa 1250 English horizonbetroth, stage 3: England — Middle English bi-/be- plus trouthboy, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English boibride, stage 1: Old English language area — Old English brȳdbridegroom, stage 3: Scots and English record — brydegrome in 1525calculate, stage 3: England — 1542 English first-known-use horizoncalculator, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquity and Late Latincalculator, stage 2: Medieval England — 14th-century English recordcalculus, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquitycalculus, stage 3: England — 1666 English recordcandid, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandid, stage 3: France — Middle French, c. 1300–1600candid, stage 4: England and global English — 1597–todaycandidate, stage 1: Roman office-seeking practice — Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedcandidate, stage 2: French candidat and learned circulation — 1284 French record; 1546 public-office sensecandidate, stage 3: England — 1600 English first-known-use horizoncandor, stage 1: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandor, stage 2: France — French transmission, date unresolvedcandor, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordchá, stage 2: Macao and Cantonese maritime contact — 16th centurychá, stage 3: Portuguese-language record — current Infopédia recordclew, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English, before the 12th centuryclew, stage 2: Medieval England — Middle English, c. 1100–1500clue, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — before 1150clue, stage 2: English literature — late 16th c.collect, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitycollect, stage 3: Anglo-French and Middle English — medievalconscience, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscience, stage 3: Medieval France and England — 13th-century English horizonconscious, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscious, stage 3: England — circa 1600 English recorddairy, stage 1: Old English language area — dǣge, female baker or servantdialogue, stage 2: Ancient Greek speech communities — Ancient Greek recorddialogue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latindialogue, stage 4: Medieval England — circa 1200–15th centurydirect, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French directer to Middle English directendisaster, stage 2: Italy — Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolveddisaster, stage 3: France — Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolveddough, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — dāg before the 12th centuryemoticon, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemoticon, stage 3: England — 1579 English emotion recordemotion, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemotion, stage 3: England — 1579 English recordetymological, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1588–1590s source horizonsetymologist, stage 1: Medieval and Early Modern English learned vocabulary — late 14th century–1604etymologist, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1604–1630s source horizonsetymologize, stage 1: Medieval English learned vocabulary — late 14th century onwardetymologize, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1532 transitive horizonetymologize, stage 3: English semantic expansion — 1650s intransitive horizonetymology, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCEetymology, stage 3: Rome and medieval Europe — antiquity–14th c.etymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsetymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useetymon, stage 3: English printed record — 1573feign, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English feynen and feignenfemale, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — fēmina to fēmellafemale, stage 3: France and England — femele to femellefiction, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English ficciounfigure, stage 3: Medieval France and England — figure in the 13th centuryfijan, stage 4: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijan, stage 5: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijan, stage 6: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijan, stage 7: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijan, stage 9: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669fijands, stage 5: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijands, stage 6: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijands, stage 7: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijands, stage 8: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijands, stage 10: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669girl, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English girlehatan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesseshatan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatis, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesshatis, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyhatis, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatis, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatis, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatizōn, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatizōn, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatizōn, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatizōn, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatizōn, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatjan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatjan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatjan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatjan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatjan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatōn, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryheti, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryhospice, stage 3: England — 1818 English lodging horizonhospitality, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquityhospitality, stage 3: France and England — medieval French and English transmissionhostel, stage 2: England — 14th-century English recordhostis, stage 3: Rome — Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimonyhuman, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — homō to hūmānushuman, stage 3: France and England — humainhumble, stage 3: Medieval England and Anglo-French contact — humble in the 13th centuryhumiliate, stage 3: England — circa 1534 English recordhumiliation, stage 3: Northern France — Middle French before 1449–1495humiliation, stage 4: England — late 14th-century Middle Englishhumility, stage 3: Northern France — later 10th century–1400 Old Frenchhumility, stage 4: England — 14th-century Middle English and Englishhusband, stage 3: Medieval England — hūsbōnda to husbondehōti, stage 6: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryicon, stage 1: Greek and Roman linguistic worlds — antiquity–Late Latinicon, stage 2: England — 1572 English recordicon, stage 3: Eastern Christian and English religious discourse — 1833–todayintellect, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquityintellect, stage 2: Medieval France — Old French transmission, c. 800–1400intellect, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordintelligence, stage 2: Roman world — antiquityintelligence, stage 3: France and England — 14th centuryintelligent, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityintelligent, stage 3: England — circa 1540 English recordkapu, stage 2: Hawaiian-language record — 1836 dictionary record–todaykayık, stage 3: Modern Turkish kayık — 2023 dictionary record–todaylady, stage 2: Medieval England — hlǣfdige to ladylaw, stage 2: Scandinavia and the Old Norse world — approximately 700–1500law, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 2: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 3: Middle English England — approximately 1150–1500lecture, stage 2: Roman and medieval scholarly worlds — antiquity–medievallecture, stage 3: England — 15th centurylegal, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitylegal, stage 3: Anglo-French England — medievallegend, stage 2: Medieval Latin Christendom — medievallegend, stage 3: England — c. 1500legible, stage 2: Roman and Late Latin world — Latin antiquity–late antiquitylegible, stage 3: England — late 14th–15th centurieslegislation, stage 3: France — 1372–1374 French recordlegislation, stage 4: England — 1606 English reportlesson, stage 3: England — 13th-century English recordliufs, stage 4: Ravenna — early-6th-century Codex Argenteuslogic, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCElogic, stage 3: Latin and medieval French scholarship — antiquity–12th centurylord, stage 2: Medieval England — hlāford to loverdlove, stage 1: Pontic–Caspian horizon — Proto-Indo-European prehistorylove, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English period; English record before 12th c.male, stage 1: Roman linguistic world — mās to masculusmale, stage 2: France and England — masle to maleman, stage 3: Early and medieval England — Old English mann to Middle English mannescience, stage 3: England — 1612 English recordomniscient, stage 3: England — 1598 English recordperson, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — Latin persōnaperson, stage 3: France and England — personeprescient, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityprescient, stage 3: France — 15th-century French recordprescient, stage 4: England — 1620s English recordprologue, stage 2: Ancient Greek theatre — Ancient Greek recordprologue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latinprologue, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th–15th centuriesproverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin proverbiumqajaq, stage 2: Greenlandic qajaq terminology — 1987 terminology record–todayquarantine, stage 1: Dubrovnik / Ragusa — 1377 thirty-day trentino lawrealm, stage 3: France and England — Old French reiame to Middle English realmeregal, stage 3: France and England — Old French or Anglo-French transmissionregular, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerregulate, stage 3: England — Middle English regulaterich, stage 3: England — Old English rīcerich, stage 4: France and England — Old French riche and Middle English richeright, stage 3: England — Old English riht to Middle English rightrobot, stage 2: Prague — 1920 R.U.R. coinagerobot, stage 3: English-language R.U.R. translation and print — 1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionroyal, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialrule, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulerí, stage 3: Ireland — Old Irish rí and ríg, 8th–10th centuriessalary, stage 2: Roman world — imperial periodsalary, stage 3: Medieval France — 12th–13th c.salary, stage 4: England — 13th c. first-known-use horizonsalt, stage 2: Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Europe — approximately 450–1150salt, stage 3: England — before the 12th centuryselect, stage 2: England — 1565 adjective horizonselect, stage 3: England — 1566 verb horizonsincere, stage 1: Roman world — antiquitysincere, stage 2: France — 15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474sincere, stage 3: England — 1533 first-known-use horizontapu, stage 2: Aotearoa New Zealand Māori record — 1872 corpus example–todaytea, stage 2: Xiamen, Fujian — Southern Min contact eratea, stage 4: England — 1655 onwardten, stage 3: England — recorded before the 12th centurytree, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English treetroth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trouthtruce, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English plural trewestrue, stage 3: England — Old English trēowe to Middle English trewetrust, stage 3: Scandinavian linguistic horizon — Old Norse traust or a related Scandinavian sourcetrust, stage 4: England — Middle English trustetruth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trewtheverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin verbumverb, stage 3: Anglo-French Britain — Latin-to-French-to-English transmissionverbal, stage 1: Late Latin learned tradition — verbalis from verbum plus -alisverbal, stage 2: England — 15th-century English recordverbatim, stage 1: Roman world — Latin verbum and word-for-word phraseswife, stage 2: Medieval England — wīf to wifwoman, stage 2: Medieval England — wīfman to wommanword, stage 3: England — Old English record before the 12th centuryçay, stage 3: Turkey Turkish record — 2023 dictionary edition–todayétymologie, stage 1: Ancient Greek learned tradition — Hellenistic and later Greekétymologie, stage 2: Latin grammatical tradition — antiquity–medieval Europeétymologie, stage 3: Old French textual record — c. 1175–1188étymologie, stage 4: French technical specialization — 1529–1756étymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsétymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useétymon, stage 3: French lexicographic record — 1892μυς, stage 4: Modern Greece — current anatomical usageчай, stage 3: Russian-language record — Vasmer dictionary recordստոյգ, stage 3: Historical Armenian lexicography — 19th-century dictionaries–todayچای, stage 3: Persian-language record — Dehkhoda lexicographic record–todayἐτήτυμος, stage 3: Ancient Greek poetic usage — Archaic–Classical recordἔτυμος, stage 3: Later Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman-period records
REGIONAL PLACEMENTAPPROXIMATE / RECONSTRUCTED REGIONGLOBAL OR UNLOCATED — NO SINGLE PIN

This is not a GPS trace. Lines appear only when adjacent stages in one selected route both have defensible points. A global stage is not pinned even when a legacy coordinate names the route’s point of departure. Missing locations break the line.

02

ROUTE-BY-ROUTE SEQUENCE TIMELINES

214 MATCHING WORD JOURNEYS

PAGE 1 / 27
168

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

-logy

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
5STAGES3HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    -logiā, logos, and legeinregional placement

    Ancient Greek linguistic record

    The bound formation belongs to a dense Greek family of word, speech, discourse, account, reckoning, and speaking.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin -logiaNO SINGLE PIN

    Latin learned networks

    Greek -logiā enters Latin and remains available to later learned formation across Europe.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Old French -logieregional placement

    Northern France

    The Latin learned element continues in Old French before reaching Middle English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Middle English -logieregional placement

    England

    A before-1398 Middle English Dictionary quotation shows the element inside ethimolegia; no autonomous suffix token is claimed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    Modern -logy and -ology formationsNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    The word element remains productive across expression, discourse, doctrine, theory, science, and study formations.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
169

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

-rīx

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES0HONEST PINS4NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *h₃reg̑- and lengthened *rēg-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The straight-and-direct family develops a ruler or king formation.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *rīx-sNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Celtic linguistic horizon

    Celtic raises inherited *ē to *ī in the reconstructed king nominative.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    -rix /-rīxs/ inside compound personal namesNO SINGLE PIN

    Ancient Gaulish onomastic record

    Dumnorix and Vercingetorix preserve the meaningful second member in written host names; no freestanding occurrence is claimed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Dumnorix and Vercingetorix in Caesar’s De Bello GallicoNO SINGLE PIN

    Roman textual transmission

    A surviving digital edition of Caesar’s Latin text records two famous hosts while remaining separate from the linguistic analysis of their Gaulish morphology.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
031

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

December

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES0HONEST PINS4NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Proto-Indo-European prehistoryNO SINGLE PIN

    Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities

    The numeral *dekm̥ “ten” is a comparative reconstruction. AHD explicitly includes December among the Latin decem descendants.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin antiquityNO SINGLE PIN

    Roman world

    Latin December literally names the “tenth month” from decem “ten”; in the early Roman calendar the year began with March.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    before the 12th c. English first-known-use horizonNO SINGLE PIN

    English transmission from Old English or Anglo-French

    Middle English Decembre continues an Old English or Anglo-French form ultimately borrowed from Latin December.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    current month-twelve sense; diffusion onset unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    Gregorian-calendar December usage

    The inherited name built from “ten” now denotes the twelfth month of the Gregorian calendar. No single global diffusion point or onset is inferred.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
189

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

Feind

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A deeper harm, blame, suffering, or hate comparison is published, but its exact formation and semantic unity remain proposed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-branch enemy nouns place the frozen participial formation before the surviving High German record.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    fīant and fījant from the eighth centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German textual world

    DWDS/Pfeifer dates the forms to the eighth century; Duden prints fīand and identifies the hating-participle analysis.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    vīant, vīent, and vīntNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle High German textual continuum

    The historical dictionaries preserve several written forms inside the continuing enemy noun.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    Feind in a 1483 BibleNO SINGLE PIN

    German written record

    DWB reports the proverb about feeding a hungry enemy in a dated 1483 German Bible.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    Feind as personal, collective, military, and ideological opponentNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern German-language continuum

    Duden documents the contemporary sense range while DWDS keeps the inherited opponent or adversary center visible.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    German Feind beside English fiendNO SINGLE PIN

    Cross-Germanic semantic comparison

    German keeps ordinary enemy central; the English cognate foregrounds demon and vicious-person senses. Cognacy does not force identical daughter-language histories.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    No single enemy, demon, hater, foam, fury, harm, blame, or suffering origin is promoted beyond the qualified route.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
211

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

Freund

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
7STAGES0HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *prī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European comparative horizon

    The shared friend-family route reaches a proposed comparative root, not one archaeological site, written token, or recoverable institution.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *frī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic lexical horizon

    The love or favor base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence; no single homeland point or recorded token is claimed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    *frijōnd-NO SINGLE PIN

    Germanic participial-formation horizon

    The loving-agent noun predates the daughter-language records, but its exact lexicalization moment remains reconstructed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    friunt from the eighth centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German textual record

    Pfeifer dates the form to the eighth century; Grimm supplies source-reported Old High German quotations.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    vriuntNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle High German textual record

    Pfeifer and Grimm document friend, neighbor, lover, and relative senses across the Middle High German record.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    FreundNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern German-language continuum

    DWDS and Duden document current companion, partner, supporter, patron, ally, and address senses. German is pluricentric and is not reduced to one map pin.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    beyond proposed *prī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The route stops before love, freedom, kinship, and friendship are merged into one prehistoric story.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
190

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

Hass

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *ḱeh₂d- and *ḱh₂d-es-NO SINGLE PIN

    Disputed Indo-European comparative horizon

    Formal comparisons extend beyond Germanic, but the proposed forms do not establish one homeland, one original meaning, or one directly spoken word.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *hatiz-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Germanic branch forms support a reconstructed noun stem while its exact ablaut, inflection, and semantic center remain analytical.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    haʒ reported from the eighth centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German textual world

    DWDS/Pfeifer dates the form to the eighth century; the public source does not identify one inspected manuscript object in this dossier.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    haʒ across hostility, action, anger, and rivalryNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle High German literary record

    DWB reports Kudrun, Walther, Iwein, and Erec passages, including friendly competition described as bescheiden haʒ.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    hasz or Haß before the spelling reformNO SINGLE PIN

    New High German textual continuum

    DWB reports hostile-disposition examples from biblical translation, proverb, drama, poetry, and prose traditions, while Duden confirms that the later standard spelling changed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    1996 spelling change to HassNO SINGLE PIN

    German orthographic standard

    Duden explicitly identifies 1996 as the standard spelling change. This is an orthographic event, not the origin of the word or emotion.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    Hass as intense aversion or hostilityNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern German-language continuum

    Duden and DWDS document the current feeling-centered sense. German is pluricentric and distributed, so the stage is not reduced to one map pin.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the disputed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before rivalry, pursuit, suffering, grief, care, pain, or intense aversion is declared the one prehistoric essence.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
047

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

Liebe

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
5STAGES0HONEST PINS5NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Proto-Indo-European reconstructionNO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    Comparative evidence reconstructs *lewbʰ- without turning the root into an excavated word or assigning it one exact point.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Germanic abstract-noun formationNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The German branch develops an abstract love noun reconstructed as *leubīn, distinct from the *lubō formation behind English lufu.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    10th-century liubî recordsNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German textual world

    The EWA article reports liubî and lioba in glosses and named Old High German sources from the tenth century.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Middle High German liebeNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle High German textual continuum

    The noun continues as Middle High German liebe before the modern German form.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    modern LiebeNO SINGLE PIN

    Present-day German

    Duden records the living feminine noun and its broad contemporary meanings.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
119

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

adverb

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES2HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    separate ad- and *werh1- componentsNO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The two deep branches are reconstructed separately and meet only in the later Latin technical compound.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin adverbiumbroad placement

    Roman grammatical tradition

    Latin forms adverbium and uses it as a translation of Greek epirrhema.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Middle French to Middle Englishbroad placement

    France and England

    French adverbe transmits the Latin category name into English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    15th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Adverb remains a major form-class label with scope extending beyond verbs.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
03

WHAT THIS MAP CAN AND CANNOT CLAIM

GEOGRAPHIC HONESTY IS PART OF THE DATA.

REGIONAL

A defensible cultural or linguistic region can be plotted, but the point summarizes an area rather than an exact address.

APPROXIMATE

A reconstructed homeland or contact zone is placed only as a broad visual orientation and uses a distinct dashed marker.

BROAD / GLOBAL

A distributed network, era, or world language has no honest single coordinate. It remains in the sequence and off the map.

TIME BOUNDS

Directly cited stages may carry exact, range, century, circa, open, or before bounds. Unbounded prose stays unparsed.

SOURCE FRONTIER

959 stages have claim-level citations and 578 have defensible numeric bounds. Every uncited or unbounded stage remains visible unfinished work.