{"schemaVersion":"2026-08-28.107","dataset":"timeline-events","description":"Cross-word chronology of reviewed canonical forms and directly cited journey stages with explicit numeric bounds; the two evidence classes remain distinguishable.","generatedAt":"2026-11-01T17:52:13.759Z","totalRows":1398,"license":null,"licenseNote":"Reuse terms for SET-U editorial data are not yet declared. Source works retain their own rights.","page":{"after":0,"limit":250,"returned":250,"hasMore":true,"next":403},"data":[{"cursor":2,"eventType":"form","recordId":1,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"love","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"c. 1500–today","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"deep affection; to feel deep affection","status":"attested","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/1"},{"cursor":4,"eventType":"form","recordId":2,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"love / luve","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"c. 1150–1500","dateStart":1150,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"love, affection, beloved person","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/2"},{"cursor":6,"eventType":"form","recordId":3,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"lufu","context":"Old English","dateLabel":"before 725–c. 1150","dateStart":725,"dateEnd":1150,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"love, affection, friendliness","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/3"},{"cursor":7,"eventType":"journey","recordId":3,"entryId":1,"entrySlug":"love","title":"love","context":"Anglo-Saxon England","dateLabel":"Old English period; English record before 12th c.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1199,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The directly reviewed lexicographic record establishes an English first-known-use horizon before the twelfth century. The route does not promote the older undemonstrated “before 725” label into numeric chronology.","description":"Bosworth–Toller documents Old English lufu; Merriam-Webster traces Middle English love from that form and reports English use before the twelfth century.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/3"},{"cursor":8,"eventType":"form","recordId":4,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*lubu","context":"Proto-West Germanic","dateLabel":"c. 200 BCE–600 CE","dateStart":-200,"dateEnd":600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"love","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/4"},{"cursor":9,"eventType":"journey","recordId":4,"entryId":1,"entrySlug":"love","title":"love","context":"Global English","dateLabel":"1500–today","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The numeric layer marks the early-modern-to-current global-English stage, not the first known use of love. Cambridge traces the worldwide expansion of English from early modern voyages through colonial and postcolonial adoption.","description":"The word continues through the worldwide history of English: colonial expansion, migration, localization, and modern international use.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/4"},{"cursor":10,"eventType":"form","recordId":5,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*lubō","context":"Proto-Germanic","dateLabel":"c. 500 BCE","dateStart":-500,"dateEnd":200,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"love","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/5"},{"cursor":12,"eventType":"form","recordId":6,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*lewbʰ-","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"c. 4500–2500 BCE","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to love, desire, care for","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":11,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/6"},{"cursor":15,"eventType":"journey","recordId":7,"entryId":2,"entrySlug":"etymology","title":"etymology","context":"Rome and medieval Europe","dateLabel":"antiquity–14th c.","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The reviewed transmission chain reaches its first known English record in the fourteenth century. Only an upper bound is encoded because the Greek, Latin, and French portions begin much earlier.","description":"The learned compound travels through Latin and French.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/7"},{"cursor":16,"eventType":"form","recordId":8,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"etymology","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"late 14th c.–today","dateStart":1350,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"the history and origin of a word","status":"attested","evidenceCount":8,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/8"},{"cursor":18,"eventType":"form","recordId":9,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"ethimologie","context":"Old French","dateLabel":"14th c.","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1400,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"derivation of a word","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/9"},{"cursor":20,"eventType":"form","recordId":10,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"etymologia","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"antiquity–medieval","dateStart":-100,"dateEnd":1400,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"explanation of a word by its origin","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/10"},{"cursor":22,"eventType":"form","recordId":11,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"ἐτυμολογία","context":"Ancient Greek","dateLabel":"classical / Hellenistic","dateStart":-400,"dateEnd":200,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"analysis of a word’s true sense","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/11"},{"cursor":24,"eventType":"form","recordId":12,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"ἔτυμος","context":"Ancient Greek","dateLabel":"archaic Greek","dateStart":-800,"dateEnd":-400,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"true, real, genuine","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/12"},{"cursor":25,"eventType":"journey","recordId":12,"entryId":3,"entrySlug":"salary","title":"salary","context":"England","dateLabel":"13th c. first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":1299,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The whole thirteenth century is exposed as a conservative first-known-use horizon; it is not an invented exact year.","description":"Merriam-Webster reports the first known English use of salary in the thirteenth century.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/12"},{"cursor":26,"eventType":"form","recordId":13,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*set-u-","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"prehistoric","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"true; real; in true order","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":20,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/13"},{"cursor":29,"eventType":"journey","recordId":14,"entryId":4,"entrySlug":"sincere","title":"sincere","context":"France","dateLabel":"15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The numeric layer exposes the fifteenth century containing the reviewed 1441 and 1474 attestations instead of pretending they delimit the word's full life.","description":"CNRTL records French sincère in 1441 and again in 1474 as a learned borrowing from Latin sincerus.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/14"},{"cursor":30,"eventType":"form","recordId":15,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"salary","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"13th c.–today","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"fixed regular compensation","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/15"},{"cursor":31,"eventType":"journey","recordId":15,"entryId":4,"entrySlug":"sincere","title":"sincere","context":"England","dateLabel":"1533 first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1533,"dateEnd":1533,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1533 is the reviewed lexicographic first-known-use year, not a claim that every English use began at one instant.","description":"Merriam-Webster reports 1533 as the first known English use of sincere.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/15"},{"cursor":32,"eventType":"form","recordId":16,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"salarie / salaire","context":"Anglo-French","dateLabel":"medieval","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1400,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"compensation, payment","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/16"},{"cursor":34,"eventType":"form","recordId":17,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"salārium","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Roman imperial period","dateStart":-27,"dateEnd":400,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"official payment or allowance","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/17"},{"cursor":35,"eventType":"journey","recordId":17,"entryId":5,"entrySlug":"clue","title":"clue","context":"Anglo-Saxon England","dateLabel":"before 1150","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1149,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The Old English record is earlier than 1150. An upper bound is encoded without inventing a lower bound for the stage.","description":"cliewen names a ball or wound thread.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/17"},{"cursor":36,"eventType":"form","recordId":18,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"sāl","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"antiquity","dateStart":-700,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"salt","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/18"},{"cursor":37,"eventType":"journey","recordId":18,"entryId":5,"entrySlug":"clue","title":"clue","context":"English literature","dateLabel":"late 16th c.","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":1599,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The prose label says late sixteenth century; the numeric layer conservatively exposes the whole century instead of inventing a narrower decade.","description":"The labyrinth-guiding metaphor emerges.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/18"},{"cursor":38,"eventType":"form","recordId":19,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*séh₂l-","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"c. 4500–2500 BCE","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"salt","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":7,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/19"},{"cursor":39,"eventType":"journey","recordId":19,"entryId":5,"entrySlug":"clue","title":"clue","context":"Modern English","dateLabel":"17th c.–today","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The modern clue sense is represented from the seventeenth century forward; the interval remains open rather than assigning an end date.","description":"clue specializes as evidence or guidance.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/19"},{"cursor":42,"eventType":"form","recordId":21,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"sincere","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"1533–today","dateStart":1533,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"genuine; honest","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/21"},{"cursor":44,"eventType":"form","recordId":22,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"sincère","context":"French","dateLabel":"15th c.","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"pure; genuine","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/22"},{"cursor":46,"eventType":"form","recordId":23,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"sincerus","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"antiquity","dateStart":-200,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"whole, clean, pure, sound, genuine","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/23"},{"cursor":47,"eventType":"journey","recordId":23,"entryId":6,"entrySlug":"disaster","title":"disaster","context":"English-language disaster senses","dateLabel":"1567 first-known-use horizon onward","dateStart":1567,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1567 English first-known-use horizon. It does not date each later figurative or evaluative extension to that year.","description":"English disaster is recorded from 1567 for a calamitous event and now also applies to failures, harmful results, agitated people, and disorder. The current senses no longer require belief in astrological causation.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/23"},{"cursor":50,"eventType":"form","recordId":25,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"clue","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"17th c.–today","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a fact that guides a solution","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/25"},{"cursor":51,"eventType":"journey","recordId":25,"entryId":7,"entrySlug":"candidate","title":"candidate","context":"French candidat and learned circulation","dateLabel":"1284 French record; 1546 public-office sense","dateStart":1284,"dateEnd":1546,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The 1284–1546 interval connects two explicitly dated French records with different senses. It is a documentary range, not the full life span of French candidat or a claim of continuous unchanged meaning.","description":"CNRTL records French candidat in 1284 in an elite-soldier sense and in 1546 for a person seeking public office, with later academic use. This documents European circulation without claiming French was necessarily the direct donor to English.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/25"},{"cursor":52,"eventType":"form","recordId":26,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"clew","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"c. 1300–1600s","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1700,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a ball of thread or yarn","status":"attested","evidenceCount":6,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/26"},{"cursor":53,"eventType":"journey","recordId":26,"entryId":7,"entrySlug":"candidate","title":"candidate","context":"England","dateLabel":"1600 English first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":1600,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1600 is the reviewed English first-known-use year, not a claim that the borrowing process or every occurrence began at one instant.","description":"English candidate borrows Latin candidātus for a person seeking office. Merriam-Webster reports 1600 as the first-known-use horizon.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/26"},{"cursor":54,"eventType":"form","recordId":27,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"cliewen","context":"Old English","dateLabel":"before 1150","dateStart":700,"dateEnd":1150,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"ball, sphere, ball of thread","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/27"},{"cursor":55,"eventType":"journey","recordId":27,"entryId":7,"entrySlug":"candidate","title":"candidate","context":"English-language candidate senses","dateLabel":"1600 office-seeker onward; later extensions","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1600 office-seeker horizon. It does not assign that onset to every later institutional, academic, medical, or general suitability sense.","description":"The office-seeker remains central, while candidate expands to people nominated or qualified for awards, jobs, degrees, surgery, and other possible selection or treatment.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/27"},{"cursor":57,"eventType":"journey","recordId":28,"entryId":8,"entrySlug":"quarantine","title":"quarantine","context":"Dubrovnik / Ragusa","dateLabel":"1377 thirty-day trentino law","dateStart":1377,"dateEnd":1377,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1377 is directly reported for the Ragusan legislation and its thirty-day rule. The point marks Dubrovnik, the named polity, not every Mediterranean isolation practice.","description":"Ragusa, now Dubrovnik, enacted a thirty-day separation rule in 1377 for arrivals from plague-affected areas. This is the documented civic precursor, called trentino—not yet the forty-day quarantine named by the modern word.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/28"},{"cursor":58,"eventType":"form","recordId":29,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"disaster","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"1567–today","dateStart":1567,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a sudden calamitous event","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/29"},{"cursor":60,"eventType":"form","recordId":30,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"désastre","context":"French","dateLabel":"16th century","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":1600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"misfortune; calamity","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/30"},{"cursor":61,"eventType":"journey","recordId":30,"entryId":8,"entrySlug":"quarantine","title":"quarantine","context":"French and Italian donors; English reception","dateLabel":"1617 English noun first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1617,"dateEnd":1617,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1617 is the reviewed English noun first-known-use year. It does not date every French or Italian donor occurrence, and it supersedes the previously stored 1663 report for this same source record.","description":"French quarantaine and Italian quarantena, both built on “forty,” contribute to English quarantine. Merriam-Webster now reports 1617 for the English noun’s first known use in the forty-day sense.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/30"},{"cursor":62,"eventType":"form","recordId":31,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"disastro","context":"Italian / early Italian","dateLabel":"early modern Italian","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":1700,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"calamity; unfavorable star","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/31"},{"cursor":63,"eventType":"journey","recordId":31,"entryId":8,"entrySlug":"quarantine","title":"quarantine","context":"Global quarantine and biosecurity uses","dateLabel":"1617 forty-day noun onward; durations now vary","dateStart":1617,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1617 English forty-day noun. It does not assign modern public-health, veterinary, agricultural, forestry, or figurative extensions to that year.","description":"Quarantine now covers restraints on people, ships, goods, animals, plants, pests, and communications. Modern quarantines can last days, weeks, months, or other evidence-based periods; the inherited name preserves forty without requiring forty.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/31"},{"cursor":64,"eventType":"form","recordId":32,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"astro","context":"Italian / early Italian","dateLabel":"Italian","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"star; celestial body","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/32"},{"cursor":66,"eventType":"form","recordId":33,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"astrum","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-200,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"star; constellation","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/33"},{"cursor":68,"eventType":"form","recordId":34,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*h₂ster-","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"c. 4500–2500 BCE","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"star","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/34"},{"cursor":69,"eventType":"journey","recordId":34,"entryId":9,"entrySlug":"logic","title":"logic","context":"Latin and medieval French scholarship","dateLabel":"antiquity–12th century","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1199,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The reviewed Greek-to-Latin-to-French chain reaches English by the twelfth century. The numeric layer encodes only that upper bound, not a fabricated ancient start year.","description":"The name of the logical art travels through Latin and French teaching traditions.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/34"},{"cursor":71,"eventType":"journey","recordId":35,"entryId":9,"entrySlug":"logic","title":"logic","context":"England and global technical culture","dateLabel":"12th century–today","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"English logic is attested from the twelfth-century first-known-use horizon and remains current; later reasoning and computing senses are not assigned separate invented start dates.","description":"logic expands from scholastic discipline to everyday reasoning and computing.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/35"},{"cursor":72,"eventType":"form","recordId":36,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"candidate","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"c. 1600–today","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a person seeking office, selection, or appointment","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/36"},{"cursor":74,"eventType":"form","recordId":37,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"candidātus","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Roman antiquity","dateStart":-100,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a person standing for office; the white-clad one","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/37"},{"cursor":76,"eventType":"form","recordId":38,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"candidus","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-300,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"bright white; shining; clear","status":"attested","evidenceCount":6,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/38"},{"cursor":78,"eventType":"form","recordId":39,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"candēre","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-300,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to shine; glow; be white","status":"attested","evidenceCount":7,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/39"},{"cursor":79,"eventType":"journey","recordId":39,"entryId":10,"entrySlug":"legal","title":"legal","context":"Global English","dateLabel":"15th century–today","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The English adjective is attested from the fifteenth-century first-known-use horizon and remains current across later legal and rule-governed senses.","description":"legal expands through law, institutions, and rule-governed domains.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/39"},{"cursor":80,"eventType":"form","recordId":40,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*kand-","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"Indo-European prehistory","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to shine; glow","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/40"},{"cursor":84,"eventType":"form","recordId":42,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"quarantine","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"1663–today","dateStart":1663,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/42"},{"cursor":85,"eventType":"journey","recordId":42,"entryId":11,"entrySlug":"lecture","title":"lecture","context":"England","dateLabel":"15th century","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The first known English noun use is reported at fifteenth-century precision; the bounds expose the whole century rather than inventing an exact year.","description":"lecture enters English as an instructional discourse.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/42"},{"cursor":86,"eventType":"form","recordId":43,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"quarantaine","context":"French","dateLabel":"Middle / early modern French","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1700,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a period or group of forty; later health isolation","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/43"},{"cursor":88,"eventType":"form","recordId":44,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"quarantena","context":"Italian / early Italian","dateLabel":"Italian / Venetian","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":1700,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a period of forty days; isolation period","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/44"},{"cursor":90,"eventType":"form","recordId":45,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"quaranta","context":"Italian / early Italian","dateLabel":"Italian","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"forty","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/45"},{"cursor":92,"eventType":"form","recordId":46,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"quadrāgintā","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-300,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"forty","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/46"},{"cursor":93,"eventType":"journey","recordId":46,"entryId":12,"entrySlug":"legend","title":"legend","context":"England","dateLabel":"c. 1500","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"circa","temporalNote":"The reviewed first-known-use claim is circa 1500. The central year is encoded with circa precision, not promoted to an exact attestation date.","description":"legend enters English reading and inscription traditions.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/46"},{"cursor":94,"eventType":"form","recordId":47,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"quattuor","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-700,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"four","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/47"},{"cursor":96,"eventType":"form","recordId":48,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*kʷetwóres","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"c. 4500–2500 BCE","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"four","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/48"},{"cursor":100,"eventType":"form","recordId":50,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"logic","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"12th century–today","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"the study or use of valid reasoning","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/50"},{"cursor":101,"eventType":"journey","recordId":50,"entryId":13,"entrySlug":"intelligence","title":"intelligence","context":"France and England","dateLabel":"14th century","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The first known English use is reported at fourteenth-century precision; no exact year is inferred.","description":"The abstract noun travels through French into English.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/50"},{"cursor":102,"eventType":"form","recordId":51,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"logik","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"Middle English","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"the science of reasoning","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/51"},{"cursor":104,"eventType":"form","recordId":52,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"logique","context":"Anglo-French","dateLabel":"Anglo-French / medieval French","dateStart":1066,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"logic; rational art","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/52"},{"cursor":106,"eventType":"form","recordId":53,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"logica","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin scholarly tradition","dateStart":-100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"logic; the logical art","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/53"},{"cursor":108,"eventType":"form","recordId":54,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"λογική","context":"Ancient Greek","dateLabel":"Ancient Greek","dateStart":-400,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"the logical art or science","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/54"},{"cursor":109,"eventType":"journey","recordId":54,"entryId":14,"entrySlug":"collect","title":"collect","context":"Anglo-French and Middle English","dateLabel":"medieval","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The two reviewed English transmission histories are attested before the twelfth century for the prayer noun and in the fifteenth century for the verb. The numeric layer exposes only their shared upper bound.","description":"Prayer and accumulation senses arrive through related but distinct transmission histories.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/54"},{"cursor":110,"eventType":"form","recordId":55,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"λογικός","context":"Ancient Greek","dateLabel":"Ancient Greek","dateStart":-500,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"of speech, reason, or reasoning","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/55"},{"cursor":112,"eventType":"form","recordId":56,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"λόγος","context":"Ancient Greek","dateLabel":"Ancient Greek","dateStart":-700,"dateEnd":600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"word, speech, account, reckoning, reason","status":"attested","evidenceCount":12,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/56"},{"cursor":113,"eventType":"journey","recordId":56,"entryId":15,"entrySlug":"algorithm","title":"algorithm","context":"Khwārizm","dateLabel":"8th–9th centuries","dateStart":700,"dateEnd":899,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The eighth-to-ninth-century biographical window is encoded as a broad calendar range; it does not claim an exact date for the nisba.","description":"The scholar's nisba identifies a connection to Khwārizm, south of the Aral Sea.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/56"},{"cursor":114,"eventType":"form","recordId":57,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"λέγω","context":"Ancient Greek","dateLabel":"Ancient Greek","dateStart":-800,"dateEnd":600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"gather; count; recount; say","status":"attested","evidenceCount":8,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/57"},{"cursor":115,"eventType":"journey","recordId":57,"entryId":15,"entrySlug":"algorithm","title":"algorithm","context":"Baghdad","dateLabel":"9th century","dateStart":800,"dateEnd":899,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"Al-Khwarizmi's Baghdad scholarly activity is placed only within the ninth century in this route model.","description":"Al-Khwārizmī worked in the Abbasid scholarly world; his name became attached to arithmetic transmission.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/57"},{"cursor":116,"eventType":"form","recordId":58,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*leǵ-","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"Indo-European prehistory","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":24,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/58"},{"cursor":117,"eventType":"journey","recordId":58,"entryId":15,"entrySlug":"algorithm","title":"algorithm","context":"Medieval Latin Europe","dateLabel":"12th–15th centuries","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Latin and Middle English arithmetic transmission is modeled across the twelfth through fifteenth centuries.","description":"Latinized name forms become terms for arithmetic with Hindu-Arabic numerals.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/58"},{"cursor":119,"eventType":"journey","recordId":59,"entryId":15,"entrySlug":"algorithm","title":"algorithm","context":"Global computing","dateLabel":"20th century–today","dateStart":1900,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The computing-era stage begins at the twentieth-century boundary and remains open into current usage.","description":"Algorithm generalizes from mathematical procedure into a central term of computing and public life.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/59"},{"cursor":120,"eventType":"form","recordId":60,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"legal","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"15th century–today","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"of, founded on, or permitted by law","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/60"},{"cursor":121,"eventType":"journey","recordId":60,"entryId":16,"entrySlug":"algebra","title":"algebra","context":"Baghdad","dateLabel":"c. 825","dateStart":800,"dateEnd":850,"temporalPrecision":"circa","temporalNote":"The treatise is conventionally dated around 825. The wider 800–850 window preserves that approximation.","description":"Al-jabr appears in the title and method vocabulary of al-Khwārizmī's work.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/60"},{"cursor":122,"eventType":"form","recordId":61,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"legal","context":"Anglo-French","dateLabel":"Anglo-French","dateStart":1066,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"of law","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/61"},{"cursor":123,"eventType":"journey","recordId":61,"entryId":16,"entrySlug":"algebra","title":"algebra","context":"Iberian and Latin translation worlds","dateLabel":"12th century","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1199,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The translation stage is encoded at century precision; the reviewed source reports Robert of Chester's work around 1140.","description":"Arabic mathematical vocabulary moves through translation into Medieval Latin and Romance.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/61"},{"cursor":124,"eventType":"form","recordId":62,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"lēgālis","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-100,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"legal; pertaining to law","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/62"},{"cursor":125,"eventType":"journey","recordId":62,"entryId":16,"entrySlug":"algebra","title":"algebra","context":"England","dateLabel":"1551","dateStart":1551,"dateEnd":1551,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1551 is the reviewed lexicographic first-known-use year for English algebra, not the date of every English occurrence.","description":"The mathematical word enters the English lexicographic record.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/62"},{"cursor":126,"eventType":"form","recordId":63,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"lēx","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-700,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"law, statute, rule, agreement","status":"attested","evidenceCount":11,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/63"},{"cursor":132,"eventType":"form","recordId":66,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"lecture","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"15th century–today","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"an instructional discourse; later a formal reproof","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/66"},{"cursor":133,"eventType":"journey","recordId":66,"entryId":17,"entrySlug":"calculate","title":"calculate","context":"England","dateLabel":"1542 English first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1542,"dateEnd":1542,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1542 is the reviewed English first-known-use year for the mathematical verb, not an exact date for every borrowing event.","description":"Calculate enters English as a learned mathematical verb. Merriam-Webster reports 1542 for its first known English use in the mathematical sense.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/66"},{"cursor":134,"eventType":"form","recordId":67,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"lectūra","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Late / Medieval Latin","dateStart":300,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a reading; act of reading","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/67"},{"cursor":135,"eventType":"journey","recordId":67,"entryId":17,"entrySlug":"calculate","title":"calculate","context":"English-language calculate senses","dateLabel":"1542 mathematical verb onward; later extensions","dateStart":1542,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1542 mathematical horizon. It does not date every later judgment, planning, or forecasting sense to that year.","description":"Calculate continues as mathematical determination and expands to practical estimation, interpretation, planning, judging probability, intending, and forecasting consequences.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/67"},{"cursor":136,"eventType":"form","recordId":68,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"lēctus","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-300,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"read; gathered; chosen","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/68"},{"cursor":138,"eventType":"form","recordId":69,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"legere","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-700,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to gather, select, choose; to read","status":"attested","evidenceCount":16,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/69"},{"cursor":139,"eventType":"journey","recordId":69,"entryId":18,"entrySlug":"robot","title":"robot","context":"Prague","dateLabel":"1920 R.U.R. coinage","dateStart":1920,"dateEnd":1920,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1920 is the cited date of the Czech R.U.R. coinage. The source supports Prague as the play’s named cultural origin, while the coordinate represents the city rather than every early occurrence.","description":"Karel Čapek used robot in the 1920 Czech play R.U.R.; Merriam-Webster reports that his brother Josef suggested the name from Czech robota “forced labor.”","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/69"},{"cursor":141,"eventType":"journey","recordId":70,"entryId":18,"entrySlug":"robot","title":"robot","context":"English-language R.U.R. translation and print","dateLabel":"1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 edition","dateStart":1922,"dateEnd":1923,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The 1922–1923 interval joins two distinct cited claims: the lexicographic 1922 first-use horizon and the directly inspected 1923 title-page object. It is not a claim that the borrowing process lasted exactly two years.","description":"Merriam-Webster reports English robot in 1922 through translation of R.U.R. A separately preserved 1923 English edition was directly inspected: its photographed title page prints “Rossum’s Universal Robots,” but SET-U does not mislabel that object as the first English use.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/70"},{"cursor":143,"eventType":"journey","recordId":71,"entryId":18,"entrySlug":"robot","title":"robot","context":"English-language robot senses","dateLabel":"1922 core word onward; later extensions","dateStart":1922,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with Merriam-Webster’s 1922 English first-known-use horizon. It does not date every later mechanical, figurative, software, or automation sense to that year.","description":"The fictional artificial worker becomes the English term for machines performing tasks, automatic mechanisms, and people behaving in a mechanical or unfeeling way. The route leaves software and other later uses to their own evidence instead of assigning all extensions to 1922.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/71"},{"cursor":144,"eventType":"form","recordId":72,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"legend","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"c. 1500–today","dateStart":1500,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"traditional story; inscription; explanatory key","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/72"},{"cursor":146,"eventType":"form","recordId":73,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"legende","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"Middle English","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a saint’s life or reading; inscription","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/73"},{"cursor":148,"eventType":"form","recordId":74,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"legende","context":"Anglo-French","dateLabel":"Anglo-French","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"reading matter; saint’s life","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/74"},{"cursor":149,"eventType":"journey","recordId":74,"entryId":19,"entrySlug":"muscle","title":"muscle","context":"Middle English anatomical muscle","dateLabel":"Middle English borrowing; 14th c. first-use horizon","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The full fourteenth century is exposed as the source-reported English first-use horizon for the anatomical noun, not as an exact date for every Middle English form or French-to-English contact.","description":"Old French muscle enters Middle English as the anatomical word. Merriam-Webster reports a fourteenth-century English first-known-use horizon; the same spelling could also name the mollusk, so the anatomical sense remains explicit.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/74"},{"cursor":150,"eventType":"form","recordId":75,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"legenda","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Medieval Latin","dateStart":500,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"things to be read","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/75"},{"cursor":151,"eventType":"journey","recordId":75,"entryId":19,"entrySlug":"muscle","title":"muscle","context":"English-language muscle senses","dateLabel":"14th c. anatomical noun onward; later extensions","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed fourteenth-century anatomical horizon. It does not date every figurative strength, force, or power extension to that century.","description":"The anatomical noun continues from the fourteenth century and extends figuratively to strength, force, and coercive power. SET-U keeps this route separate from mussel even though both words shared the spelling muscle in Middle English and converge in the Latin mouse family.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/75"},{"cursor":152,"eventType":"form","recordId":76,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"legendus","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin","dateStart":-100,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"that which is to be read","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/76"},{"cursor":155,"eventType":"journey","recordId":77,"entryId":20,"entrySlug":"mussel","title":"mussel","context":"Old English records","dateLabel":"before the 12th c. first-use horizon","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1099,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The before-1100 bound exposes the source-reported “before the 12th century” English horizon; it is not an exact date for the Old English borrowing.","description":"Old English muscelle names the bivalve mollusk on the direct route to English mussel.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/77"},{"cursor":160,"eventType":"form","recordId":80,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"intelligence","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"14th century–today","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"capacity to understand; information; an information service","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/80"},{"cursor":162,"eventType":"form","recordId":81,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"intelligence","context":"French","dateLabel":"Middle French","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"understanding; knowledge","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/81"},{"cursor":164,"eventType":"form","recordId":82,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"intelligentia","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity / Late Latin","dateStart":-100,"dateEnd":700,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"understanding, discernment","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/82"},{"cursor":165,"eventType":"journey","recordId":82,"entryId":21,"entrySlug":"mouse","title":"mouse","context":"Old English records","dateLabel":"before the 12th c. first-use horizon","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1099,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The before-1100 bound exposes the source-reported “before the 12th century” English horizon; it does not date every Old English occurrence.","description":"Old English mūs is the direct recorded ancestor of English mouse.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/82"},{"cursor":166,"eventType":"form","recordId":83,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"intelligēns","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-100,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"understanding, discerning","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/83"},{"cursor":168,"eventType":"form","recordId":84,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"intellegere / intelligere","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-300,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to understand, perceive, discern","status":"attested","evidenceCount":6,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/84"},{"cursor":173,"eventType":"journey","recordId":86,"entryId":22,"entrySlug":"host","title":"host","context":"Anglo-French and Middle English host","dateLabel":"14th c. English receiving-host horizon","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The whole fourteenth century is exposed as the reviewed first-known-use horizon for the receiving-host noun, not as an exact date for every Anglo-French or Middle English form.","description":"Anglo-French oste / hoste carries Latin hospes into Middle English ost / host, where the hospitality noun can still mean host or guest.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/86"},{"cursor":175,"eventType":"journey","recordId":87,"entryId":22,"entrySlug":"host","title":"host","context":"English-language host senses","dateLabel":"14th c. core noun onward; later extensions","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the source-reported fourteenth-century core noun. It does not date the separate later event, media, biological, or computing branches.","description":"The receiving-host noun continues from the fourteenth century and later extends to event venues, media presenters, biological hosts, and networked computers. The route does not pretend those later senses share one onset.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/87"},{"cursor":176,"eventType":"form","recordId":88,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"collect","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"before 12th century–today","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to bring together; a prayer; payable by recipient","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/88"},{"cursor":178,"eventType":"form","recordId":89,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"collecten","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"Middle English","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to accumulate, infer, calculate","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/89"},{"cursor":180,"eventType":"form","recordId":90,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"collecter","context":"Anglo-French","dateLabel":"Anglo-French","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to collect, accumulate","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/90"},{"cursor":181,"eventType":"journey","recordId":90,"entryId":23,"entrySlug":"guest","title":"guest","context":"Old and Middle English guest forms","dateLabel":"Old English inheritance; 13th c. first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":1299,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The numeric layer exposes Merriam-Webster’s thirteenth-century first-known-use horizon for the English noun. The cited Old English inheritance predates that horizon and is not compressed into an invented exact year.","description":"Old English giest / gyst / gest / gæst continues into Middle English gest / gyst / gust / gist; Old Norse gestr may partly reinforce the initial g.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/90"},{"cursor":182,"eventType":"form","recordId":91,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"collēctus","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-200,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"gathered together","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/91"},{"cursor":183,"eventType":"journey","recordId":91,"entryId":23,"entrySlug":"guest","title":"guest","context":"English-language guest senses","dateLabel":"13th c. core noun onward; later extensions","dateStart":1200,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the source-reported thirteenth-century core noun. It does not assign that onset to every later extended sense.","description":"The hospitality recipient remains the core English guest, with later customer, program, performance, biological, and material-science extensions.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/91"},{"cursor":184,"eventType":"form","recordId":92,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"colligere","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-300,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to gather together, assemble, accumulate","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/92"},{"cursor":191,"eventType":"journey","recordId":95,"entryId":24,"entrySlug":"hostile","title":"hostile","context":"English-language hostile senses","dateLabel":"1580 first-known-use horizon onward","dateStart":1580,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with Merriam-Webster’s 1580 first-known-use year. It does not imply that every later legal, corporate, social, or environmental extension arose then.","description":"From the enemy-related adjective, English hostile expands to unfriendly, oppositional, legal, corporate, workplace, and environmental senses.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/95"},{"cursor":192,"eventType":"form","recordId":96,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"algorithm","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"1699–today","dateStart":1699,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a numeral procedure; later a finite stepwise procedure","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/96"},{"cursor":194,"eventType":"form","recordId":97,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"algorisme / augrim","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"14th–15th centuries","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"arithmetic using Hindu-Arabic numerals","status":"attested","evidenceCount":8,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/97"},{"cursor":196,"eventType":"form","recordId":98,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"algorismus","context":"Medieval Latin","dateLabel":"12th–15th centuries","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"arithmetic; computation with Hindu-Arabic numerals","status":"attested","evidenceCount":6,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/98"},{"cursor":197,"eventType":"journey","recordId":98,"entryId":25,"entrySlug":"hospital","title":"hospital","context":"English lodging, charity, and care institutions","dateLabel":"14th–15th c. semantic transition","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The interval conservatively combines the fourteenth-century English first-use horizon and the cited fifteenth-century medical development; it is not an exact institutional chronology.","description":"English hospital is reported in the fourteenth century for lodging or charitable residence; fifteenth-century use develops toward an institution caring for sick or injured people.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/98"},{"cursor":198,"eventType":"form","recordId":99,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"al-Khwārizmī","context":"Classical Arabic","dateLabel":"9th century","dateStart":780,"dateEnd":850,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"the Khwārizmian; name of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/99"},{"cursor":199,"eventType":"journey","recordId":99,"entryId":25,"entrySlug":"hospital","title":"hospital","context":"English-language hospital senses","dateLabel":"15th c. medical institution onward","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the cited fifteenth-century medical development. It does not date every modern institutional specialization to that century.","description":"The medical institution becomes the modern center while hospital also retains institutional and specialized care senses.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/99"},{"cursor":200,"eventType":"form","recordId":100,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"Khwārizm","context":"Classical Arabic","dateLabel":"early medieval and older geographic record","dateStart":500,"dateEnd":900,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"Khwārizm, a region south of the Aral Sea","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/100"},{"cursor":204,"eventType":"form","recordId":102,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"algebra","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"1551–today","dateStart":1551,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a mathematical discipline of symbolic and structural relations","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/102"},{"cursor":205,"eventType":"journey","recordId":102,"entryId":26,"entrySlug":"hotel","title":"hotel","context":"English hotel borrowing","dateLabel":"1687 first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1687,"dateEnd":1687,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1687 is the reviewed English first-known-use year, not an exact date for every French-to-English contact or occurrence.","description":"English borrows French hôtel as hotel for an establishment providing lodging and related services.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/102"},{"cursor":206,"eventType":"form","recordId":103,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"algebra","context":"Medieval Latin","dateLabel":"12th–16th centuries","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"restoration; bone-setting; the mathematical art","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/103"},{"cursor":207,"eventType":"journey","recordId":103,"entryId":26,"entrySlug":"hotel","title":"hotel","context":"English-language hotel senses","dateLabel":"1687 lodging establishment onward","dateStart":1687,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the cited 1687 English first-use horizon. It does not assign every later service or institutional extension to that year.","description":"Hotel continues as the English term for an establishment offering lodging and often meals, entertainment, or personal services.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/103"},{"cursor":208,"eventType":"form","recordId":104,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"al-jabr","context":"Classical Arabic","dateLabel":"9th century","dateStart":800,"dateEnd":900,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"restoration, completion; an operation in equation solving","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/104"},{"cursor":210,"eventType":"form","recordId":105,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"jabara","context":"Classical Arabic","dateLabel":"Classical Arabic","dateStart":500,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to restore, reunite, set or mend","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/105"},{"cursor":213,"eventType":"journey","recordId":106,"entryId":27,"entrySlug":"nice","title":"nice","context":"Anglo-French England","dateLabel":"14th c. English first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The whole fourteenth century is exposed as a conservative first-known-use horizon, not an invented exact borrowing year.","description":"Nice enters Middle English through Anglo-French with foolish, wanton, silly, and simple senses.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/106"},{"cursor":214,"eventType":"form","recordId":107,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"calculate","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"1542–today","dateStart":1542,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to compute, determine, estimate, or plan","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/107"},{"cursor":215,"eventType":"journey","recordId":107,"entryId":27,"entrySlug":"nice","title":"nice","context":"English-language nice senses","dateLabel":"19th c. onward","dateStart":1800,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The source places the familiar pleasant and agreeable development in the nineteenth century; the interval remains open into current usage.","description":"Pleasant and agreeable senses become established in the nineteenth century while precision and fastidiousness senses survive.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/107"},{"cursor":216,"eventType":"form","recordId":108,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"calculātus","context":"Medieval Latin","dateLabel":"Late Latin","dateStart":300,"dateEnd":800,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"counted, reckoned, computed","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/108"},{"cursor":218,"eventType":"form","recordId":109,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"calculāre","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity and Late Latin","dateStart":-100,"dateEnd":600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"to count, reckon, compute","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/109"},{"cursor":220,"eventType":"form","recordId":110,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"calculus","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-300,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"pebble; counting-board pebble; calculation; account","status":"attested","evidenceCount":6,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/110"},{"cursor":221,"eventType":"journey","recordId":110,"entryId":28,"entrySlug":"science","title":"science","context":"Anglo-French and Middle English learning vocabulary","dateLabel":"14th c. English first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The whole fourteenth century is exposed as the source-reported English first-use horizon, not an exact borrowing year.","description":"Anglo-French science or cience enters Middle English for knowledge, learning, ability to know, or a branch of learning.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/110"},{"cursor":222,"eventType":"form","recordId":111,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"calx","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-500,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"lime, limestone","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/111"},{"cursor":226,"eventType":"form","recordId":113,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"robot","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"1922–today","dateStart":1922,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"an artificial worker; later an automatic or programmable machine","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/113"},{"cursor":228,"eventType":"form","recordId":114,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"robota","context":"Czech","dateLabel":"Czech historical vocabulary","dateStart":1400,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"compulsory labor, corvée, drudgery","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/114"},{"cursor":229,"eventType":"journey","recordId":114,"entryId":29,"entrySlug":"decimate","title":"decimate","context":"England","dateLabel":"by 1660; sources disagree on the earliest record","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1660,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"The before-1661 bound contains both reviewed reports: a dictionary first-known-use year of 1660 and the same publisher’s usage essay placing its earliest record at the end of the sixteenth century.","description":"Merriam-Webster’s dictionary reports 1660 for the every-tenth English sense, while its usage essay reports a record at the end of the sixteenth century. SET-U preserves the discrepancy instead of choosing a false exact date.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/114"},{"cursor":230,"eventType":"form","recordId":115,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*orbota","context":"Proto-Slavic","dateLabel":"Proto-Slavic prehistory","dateStart":-1500,"dateEnd":600,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"work; hard or obligatory labor","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/115"},{"cursor":231,"eventType":"journey","recordId":115,"entryId":29,"entrySlug":"decimate","title":"decimate","context":"English-language decimate senses","dateLabel":"17th c. onward","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins at the start of the source-reported seventeenth-century horizon. It is a conservative century boundary, not an invented exact broadening year.","description":"The drastic-reduction and severe-destruction senses are not a recent mistake: Merriam-Webster reports that the broader meaning arose within a few decades and has been used steadily since the seventeenth century.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/115"},{"cursor":232,"eventType":"form","recordId":116,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*h₃órbʰos","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"person or property transferred; bereaved person, orphan, or dependent","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/116"},{"cursor":236,"eventType":"form","recordId":118,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"muscle","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"14th century–today","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"contractile body tissue; later strength or coercive power","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/118"},{"cursor":237,"eventType":"journey","recordId":118,"entryId":30,"entrySlug":"decimal","title":"decimal","context":"French source and English mathematical use","dateLabel":"1608 English adjective first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1608,"dateEnd":1608,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1608 is the reviewed English adjective first-known-use year. It does not pretend to date every French occurrence or the entire borrowing process.","description":"The French adjective enters English mathematical vocabulary; Merriam-Webster reports 1608 for the adjective’s first known English use.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/118"},{"cursor":238,"eventType":"form","recordId":119,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"muscle","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"Middle English","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a muscle or muscular organ","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/119"},{"cursor":239,"eventType":"journey","recordId":119,"entryId":30,"entrySlug":"decimal","title":"decimal","context":"Base-ten mathematical usage","dateLabel":"1608 adjective; 1623 noun; current use","dateStart":1608,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the reviewed 1608 adjective horizon; the noun’s separate 1623 horizon remains explicit in the label and evidence note.","description":"Decimal functions as a base-ten adjective and noun. Merriam-Webster reports the adjective in 1608 and the noun in 1623, with both continuing in current mathematical use.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/119"},{"cursor":240,"eventType":"form","recordId":120,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"muscle","context":"Old French","dateLabel":"Old French","dateStart":800,"dateEnd":1400,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"muscle","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/120"},{"cursor":242,"eventType":"form","recordId":121,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"musculus","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-500,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"little mouse; muscle; also a mussel name","status":"attested","evidenceCount":9,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/121"},{"cursor":244,"eventType":"form","recordId":122,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"mūs","context":"Latin","dateLabel":"Latin antiquity","dateStart":-500,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"mouse","status":"attested","evidenceCount":8,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/122"},{"cursor":245,"eventType":"journey","recordId":122,"entryId":31,"entrySlug":"december","title":"December","context":"English transmission from Old English or Anglo-French","dateLabel":"before the 12th c. English first-known-use horizon","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":1199,"temporalPrecision":"before","temporalNote":"Merriam-Webster reports English use before the twelfth century. The before-1200 bound does not choose between the cited Old English and Anglo-French transmission alternatives.","description":"Middle English Decembre continues an Old English or Anglo-French form ultimately borrowed from Latin December.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/122"},{"cursor":246,"eventType":"form","recordId":123,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*mūs-","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"mouse; also the family behind specialized muscle words","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":11,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/123"},{"cursor":249,"eventType":"journey","recordId":124,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","title":"check","context":"Achaemenid Iran","dateLabel":"Achaemenid period, c. 550–330 BCE","dateStart":-550,"dateEnd":-330,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The range locates the attested Achaemenid royal-title stage, not an exact coinage date for xšāyaθiya.","description":"Old Persian xšāyaθiya is attested in official Achaemenid royal protocol and continues in Middle and New Persian šāh.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/124"},{"cursor":250,"eventType":"form","recordId":125,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"mussel","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"before the 12th century–today","dateStart":900,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a marine or freshwater bivalve mollusk","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/125"},{"cursor":252,"eventType":"form","recordId":126,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"muscle","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"Middle English","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a mussel","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/126"},{"cursor":254,"eventType":"form","recordId":127,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"muscelle","context":"Old English","dateLabel":"Old English","dateStart":700,"dateEnd":1100,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a mussel","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/127"},{"cursor":255,"eventType":"journey","recordId":127,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","title":"check","context":"Northern France and England","dateLabel":"14th–15th c. English first-use horizons","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1499,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"The interval conservatively combines the reviewed fourteenth-century verb and fifteenth-century noun first-use horizons instead of dating the full French transmission.","description":"Anglo-French eschec and Old French eschac / eschés reach Middle English chek / chekke; the verb is reported in the fourteenth century and the noun in the fifteenth.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/127"},{"cursor":256,"eventType":"form","recordId":128,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"mūscula","context":"Medieval Latin","dateLabel":"Medieval or Vulgar Latin","dateStart":300,"dateEnd":1200,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a mussel","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/128"},{"cursor":257,"eventType":"journey","recordId":128,"entryId":32,"entrySlug":"check","title":"check","context":"English commercial networks","dateLabel":"early 18th c. onward","dateStart":1700,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The source places counterfoil usage in the early eighteenth century and the bank-draft sense after it; the interval remains open rather than inventing an end.","description":"The restraint sense is applied first to an anti-forgery counterfoil and then to the bank draft itself.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/128"},{"cursor":260,"eventType":"form","recordId":130,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"mouse","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"before the 12th century–today","dateStart":900,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"a small rodent; later many transferred senses","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/130"},{"cursor":261,"eventType":"journey","recordId":130,"entryId":33,"entrySlug":"chess","title":"chess","context":"Northern Indian game tradition","dateLabel":"6th c. first-certain caturaṅga evidence","dateStart":500,"dateEnd":599,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The sixth century is the source’s first-certain documentary horizon, not an exact invention date or one point of origin.","description":"The first certain caturaṅga game-name evidence belongs to a sixth-century Indian military-game tradition; earlier origin stories remain less secure.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/130"},{"cursor":262,"eventType":"form","recordId":131,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"mous","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"Middle English","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"mouse","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/131"},{"cursor":264,"eventType":"form","recordId":132,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"mūs","context":"Old English","dateLabel":"Old English","dateStart":700,"dateEnd":1100,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"mouse","status":"attested","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/132"},{"cursor":266,"eventType":"form","recordId":133,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*mūs","context":"Proto-Germanic","dateLabel":"Proto-Germanic prehistory","dateStart":-1500,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"mouse","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":5,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/133"},{"cursor":267,"eventType":"journey","recordId":133,"entryId":33,"entrySlug":"chess","title":"chess","context":"French game name and Middle English chess","dateLabel":"14th c. English first-known-use horizon; French route earlier","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":1399,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"The numeric bound records the cited fourteenth-century English first-use horizon only; it does not date the earlier French formation or every European transmission event.","description":"French plural escheks or eschez, literally the chess “checks,” becomes Middle English chesse, ches, or esches. Persian-to-European game transmission predates the English record.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/133"},{"cursor":269,"eventType":"journey","recordId":134,"entryId":33,"entrySlug":"chess","title":"chess","context":"English-language and international chess nomenclature","dateLabel":"14th c. English game name onward; later global adoption","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the cited fourteenth-century English game-name horizon. It does not date worldwide adoption or every rule change to that century.","description":"The inherited English game name persists while rules change and chess becomes global. The unrelated grass called chess remains a separate word of unknown origin.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/134"},{"cursor":270,"eventType":"form","recordId":135,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"host","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"14th century–today","dateStart":1300,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"one who receives or entertains guests; later many extended roles","status":"attested","evidenceCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/135"},{"cursor":272,"eventType":"form","recordId":136,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"ost / host","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"Middle English","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"host or guest; a person in a hospitality relationship","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/136"},{"cursor":274,"eventType":"form","recordId":137,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"oste / hoste","context":"Anglo-French","dateLabel":"Anglo-French","dateStart":1000,"dateEnd":1400,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"host or guest","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/137"},{"cursor":275,"eventType":"journey","recordId":137,"entryId":34,"entrySlug":"checkmate","title":"checkmate","context":"France and England","dateLabel":"14th–15th c. 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a visitor","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/142"},{"cursor":285,"eventType":"journey","recordId":142,"entryId":35,"entrySlug":"shah","title":"shah","context":"English shah borrowing","dateLabel":"1566 first-known-use horizon","dateStart":1566,"dateEnd":1566,"temporalPrecision":"exact","temporalNote":"1566 is the reviewed English first-known-use year, not an exact date for every borrowing event or title occurrence.","description":"English directly borrows Persian shāh as the title of an Iranian sovereign.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/142"},{"cursor":286,"eventType":"form","recordId":143,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"gest / gyst / gust / gist","context":"Middle English","dateLabel":"Middle English","dateStart":1100,"dateEnd":1500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"guest, visitor, stranger","status":"attested","evidenceCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/143"},{"cursor":287,"eventType":"journey","recordId":143,"entryId":35,"entrySlug":"shah","title":"shah","context":"English-language shah usage","dateLabel":"1566 title onward; modern historical usage","dateStart":1566,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The open interval begins with the cited 1566 English horizon. It does not date every international historical or political use to that year.","description":"Shah remains the English historical and political title for sovereigns of Iran and related Persian royal contexts.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/143"},{"cursor":288,"eventType":"form","recordId":144,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"giest / gyst / gest / gæst","context":"Old English","dateLabel":"Old English","dateStart":700,"dateEnd":1100,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"guest or stranger","status":"attested","evidenceCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/144"},{"cursor":290,"eventType":"form","recordId":145,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*gastiz","context":"Proto-Germanic","dateLabel":"Proto-Germanic prehistory","dateStart":-1500,"dateEnd":500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"guest or stranger","status":"reconstructed","evidenceCount":6,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/145"},{"cursor":291,"eventType":"journey","recordId":145,"entryId":36,"entrySlug":"tea","title":"tea","context":"Xiamen, Fujian","dateLabel":"Southern Min contact era","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":1699,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"Dutch contact and maritime diffusion are encoded only at seventeenth-century precision.","description":"The te-type form associated with Amoy/Xiamen enters the Dutch maritime network.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/145"},{"cursor":293,"eventType":"journey","recordId":146,"entryId":36,"entrySlug":"tea","title":"tea","context":"Dutch maritime network","dateLabel":"17th century","dateStart":1600,"dateEnd":1699,"temporalPrecision":"century","temporalNote":"Dutch contact and maritime diffusion are encoded only at seventeenth-century precision.","description":"Dutch thee spreads through European commerce and later colonial routes.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/146"},{"cursor":294,"eventType":"form","recordId":147,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"hostile","context":"Present-Day English","dateLabel":"1580–today","dateStart":1580,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"of an enemy; 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Merriam-Webster reports 1786 as the first known use for that sense.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/160"},{"cursor":323,"eventType":"journey","recordId":161,"entryId":39,"entrySlug":"dime","title":"dime","context":"Global English","dateLabel":"1786 onward","dateStart":1786,"dateEnd":null,"temporalPrecision":"open","temporalNote":"The interval begins with the reviewed coin horizon; later figurative senses are not all assigned to 1786.","description":"The coin name continues and develops money, cost, basketball-pass, and accurate-throw senses without losing its ten-based identity.","status":"route_stage","evidenceCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/journey/161"},{"cursor":324,"eventType":"form","recordId":162,"entryId":null,"entrySlug":null,"title":"*pot-","context":"Proto-Indo-European","dateLabel":"Proto-Indo-European prehistory","dateStart":-4500,"dateEnd":-2500,"temporalPrecision":"range","temporalNote":"Canonical form chronology encoded in the reviewed lexical graph.","description":"master; 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