Canonical edges, each carrying form and meaning history.
THE CHANGE ATLAS
WORD FAMILIES ↗EVERY REVIEWED EDGE / TWO HISTORIES EACH
FORM → MEANING → EVIDENCEHOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.
A global atlas of every reviewed transformation in the graph—from lost vowels and borrowed spellings to meanings narrowed, inverted, elevated, and remade.
EVERY TRANSFORMATION
IS A CLAIM.
Every edge names the linked forms, relationship, sound history, semantic history, scholar, confidence, chronology when known, and the sources that warrant it. Search the language of change without flattening it.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in form.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in meaning.
515 distinct sources support the edge ledger.
Named analyses remain attached instead of becoming anonymous fact.
Borrowing, inheritance, derivation, uncertainty, and more stay distinct.
011025 MATCHING EDGES
SEARCH THE TRANSFORMATIONS
FOLLOW CHANGE ITSELF.
all changeSearch form and meaning togethersound historySearch phonological and formal changemeaning historySearch mutation in sense and use
The atlas searches the exact reviewed prose and authoritative edge labels. It does not manufacture universal “sound laws” or semantic categories by guessing from descriptions.
02PAGE 42 / 43
SOUND HISTORY
1025 EVIDENCE-BACKED CHANGES
EDGE1083boundary
Proto-Indo-European*h₂erh₁-fit together→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond *h₂erh₁- on the condition branch.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *h₂erh₁- root on the suffix branch.
The graph stops before a comparative fit-together root becomes a speculative original meaning for family or kinship.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe condition branch has an independent endpoint from the kin branch.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1090boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted ancestor or original concrete meaning is currently known beyond the reviewed Germanic family.
No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail ends before a convenient story about love and hate, pursuit, grief, or care is mistaken for established prehistory.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe secure path reaches Germanic; the displayed PIE lane is a qualified proposal, not a settled endpoint.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1104boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known beyond the Germanic hate family.
No older form or single original concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail stops before pursuit, grief, love, care, or hatred is turned into a prehistoric just-so story.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison ends at Germanic; the displayed PIE route remains qualified.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1108boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known beyond the Germanic hate family.
No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail ends before Old English hostility is reverse-engineered into one unevidenced prehistoric feeling or action.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison ends at Germanic; the displayed PIE route remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1113boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known beyond the Germanic hate family.
No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail ends before the Old English verb’s objects are reverse-engineered into one unevidenced prehistoric action or feeling.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison ends at Germanic; the displayed PIE route remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1118boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known beyond the Germanic hate family.
No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail ends before the Old English verb’s objects are reverse-engineered into one unevidenced prehistoric action or feeling.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison ends at Germanic; the displayed PIE route remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1126boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original scene is known.
No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail ends before the medieval hunting scene is projected unchanged into prehistory or converted into a universal origin for hate.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison ends at Germanic; the displayed PIE route remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1131boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail ends before the one surviving Gothic token is reverse-engineered into a universal origin for hate, grief, care, pursuit, or persecution.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison ends at Germanic; the displayed PIE route remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1135boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail ends before the surviving Gothic wrath tokens are reverse-engineered into a universal origin for hate, grief, care, pursuit, or persecution.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison ends at Germanic; the displayed PIE route remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1140boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
The trail ends before the surviving translation alternation is reverse-engineered into a universal origin for hate, enemy, grief, care, pursuit, or persecution.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison ends at Germanic; the displayed PIE route remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1144boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the proposed *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before the Gothic verb-and-enemy overlap is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric meaning.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1152boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the proposed *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before enemy or evil spirit is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric concept.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1158boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the proposed *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before the Old English enemy, Devil, or demon history is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric concept.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1161boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the proposed *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before the Old English acts of hating or persecuting are reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric concept.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1166boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the proposed *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before the Old English enemy, Devil, or demon history is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric concept.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1172boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the proposed *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before the German enemy, English demon, or Grimm’s historical foam comparison is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric concept.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deepest displayed base is already proposed; Grimm’s own alternative was explicitly left awaiting confirmation, so no earlier node is treated as secure.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1179boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the already disputed *ḱeh₂d- comparison.
The trail stops before one medieval rivalry, one modern feeling, or one scholarly pursuit-or-sorrow proposal is reverse-engineered into universal prehistory.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison is strongest inside Germanic; the displayed Indo-European lane remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
3CLAIM CITATIONS
3DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
- supportsHate — definition, etymology, and first known use · Etymology note: semantic relations are far from transparent↗
- supportsThe shortest history of hatred continued and partly concluded · Conclusion: pursuit is promising while the broader family remains murky↗
- contextDeutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hasz, m. · hasz, m., opening claim of hostile pursuit beside later hostile disposition↗
EDGE1183boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the already disputed *ḱeh₂d- comparison.
The trail stops before one Old Norse grammar anomaly, one uncertain scorn passage, or one modern hate gloss is reverse-engineered into universal prehistory.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison is strongest inside Germanic; the displayed Indo-European lane remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1191boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ḱeh₂d-a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the already disputed *ḱeh₂d- comparison.
The trail stops before pursuit, persecution, feeling, grief, pain, care, or hatred is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric act.
CONFIDENCE NOTESecure comparison is strongest inside Germanic; the displayed Indo-European lane remains qualified and semantically unresolved.
3CLAIM CITATIONS
3DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
- supportsHate — definition, etymology, and first known use · Etymology note: semantic relations are far from transparent↗
- supportsThe shortest history of hatred continued and partly concluded · Qualified conclusion on pursuit and the deeper comparison↗
- contextDeutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hassen · hassen, verb, transition between hostile deeds and hostile disposition↗
EDGE1197boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original semantic scene is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the proposed *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before enemy or evil spirit is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric concept.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1202boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original semantic scene is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the proposed *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before enemy, hater, Devil, or harm is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric concept.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1206boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original semantic scene is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the qualified *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before the historically visible noun, its formulaic verbal residue, or the modern idea of an enemy is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric essence.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1210boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original semantic scene is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the qualified *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before the historically attested enemy, demon, pagan-god, Satan, or insult senses are reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric essence.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1215boundary
Proto-Indo-European*peh₁-a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original semantic scene is known.
No older form is promoted beyond the qualified *peh₁- comparison.
The trail ends before the historically attested enemy, Devil, war-opponent, animal, ideological-opponent, or figurative-threat senses are reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric essence.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe deeper base is already proposed; no earlier node is treated as secure.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
03
READ THE EDGE, NOT JUST THE WORD
TWO HISTORIES TRAVEL TOGETHER.
Pronunciation, spelling, morphology, loss, insertion, adaptation, and regular historical development.
Narrowing, broadening, metaphor, social reanalysis, technical specialization, and meaning retained.
Attested forms, reconstructed forms marked by *, and explicit knowledge boundaries never share one certainty label.
Scholar, confidence, chronology, source stance, locator, and evidence note remain attached to the atomic edge.