Canonical edges, each carrying form and meaning history.
THE CHANGE ATLAS
WORD FAMILIES ↗EVERY REVIEWED EDGE / TWO HISTORIES EACH
FORM → MEANING → EVIDENCEHOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.
A global atlas of every reviewed transformation in the graph—from lost vowels and borrowed spellings to meanings narrowed, inverted, elevated, and remade.
EVERY TRANSFORMATION
IS A CLAIM.
Every edge names the linked forms, relationship, sound history, semantic history, scholar, confidence, chronology when known, and the sources that warrant it. Search the language of change without flattening it.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in form.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in meaning.
515 distinct sources support the edge ledger.
Named analyses remain attached instead of becoming anonymous fact.
Borrowing, inheritance, derivation, uncertainty, and more stay distinct.
011025 MATCHING EDGES
SEARCH THE TRANSFORMATIONS
FOLLOW CHANGE ITSELF.
all changeSearch form and meaning togethersound historySearch phonological and formal changemeaning historySearch mutation in sense and use
The atlas searches the exact reviewed prose and authoritative edge labels. It does not manufacture universal “sound laws” or semantic categories by guessing from descriptions.
02PAGE 38 / 43
ALL TRANSFORMATIONS
1025 EVIDENCE-BACKED CHANGES
EDGE527boundary
Proto-Turkic*kad- / *kad-ïfir tree; reconstructed base proposed in the boat-word history→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the competing Turkic analyses.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the competing Turkic analyses.
The dossier ends inside Turkic and explicitly rejects chance similarity as ancestry.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE530boundary
Old Chinese (reconstructed)*lˤraname of a plant→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.
No older form is promoted beyond Baxter and Sagart’s *lˤra in this reviewed path.
The plant-name history reaches the present editorial evidence horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThis is a boundary of the selected evidence, not proof that no deeper proposal has ever been published.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE534boundary
Old Chinese (reconstructed)*lˤraname of a plant→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.
No older form is promoted beyond Baxter and Sagart’s *lˤra in this reviewed path.
The plant-name history reaches the present editorial evidence horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThis is a boundary of the selected evidence, not proof that no deeper proposal has ever been published.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE538boundary
Old Chinese (reconstructed)*lˤraname of a plant→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.
No older form is promoted beyond Baxter and Sagart’s *lˤra in this reviewed path.
The plant-name history reaches the present editorial evidence horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThis is a boundary of the selected evidence, not proof that no deeper proposal has ever been published.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE542boundary
Old Chinese (reconstructed)*lˤraname of a plant→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.
No older form is promoted beyond Baxter and Sagart’s *lˤra in this reviewed path.
The plant-name history reaches the present editorial evidence horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThis is a boundary of the selected evidence, not proof that no deeper proposal has ever been published.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE546boundary
Old Chinese (reconstructed)*lˤraname of a plant→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.
No older form is promoted beyond Baxter and Sagart’s *lˤra in this reviewed path.
The plant-name history reaches the present editorial evidence horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThis is a boundary of the selected evidence, not proof that no deeper proposal has ever been published.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE549boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus beyond the *set-u- proposal.
The Greek true-word family reaches its present comparative evidence horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary does not deny alternative proposals; it refuses to select one as fact.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE552boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed *set-u- horizon.
The ἐτεός line ends where competing analyses begin.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary preserves the uncertainty exposed by the etymological sources.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE555boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed unique ancestor is promoted.
No unique older ancestor is selected beyond the Greek-Armenian *set-u- comparison.
The comparative trail ends in competing morphological analyses.
CONFIDENCE NOTEA cognate proposal is not converted into a certain proto-word.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE561boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus beyond the *set-u- proposal.
The technical noun’s deep line reaches the same open comparative horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe secure Greco-Latin-English route does not make the prehistoric morphology certain.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE568boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus beyond the *set-u- proposal.
The French word’s deep line reaches the same open comparative horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe attested French transmission and disputed proto-analysis remain separate evidence classes.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE572boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed unique ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus beyond the *set-u- proposal.
The poetic true-word line reaches the present comparative evidence horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary preserves competing analyses rather than selecting one as fact.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE578boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus beyond the *set-u- proposal.
The French technical noun reaches the same open comparative horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEAllowing hypothetical etyma does not license a fabricated deeper ancestor.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE585boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus beyond the *set-u- proposal.
The French adjective reaches the same open comparative horizon as the wider true-word family.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary preserves competing analyses instead of selecting one as fact.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE592boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus beyond the *set-u- proposal.
The adjective reaches the open comparative horizon rather than a manufactured ultimate root.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary preserves competing analyses.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE599boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus.
The title reaches the same disputed comparative horizon as its discipline noun.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe specialist suffix follows a separate branch.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE606boundary
Proto-Indo-European*set-u-true; real; in true order→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single older ancestor is promoted.
No older form commands secure consensus.
The verb reaches the same disputed comparative horizon as its base noun.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe -ize component follows a separately sourced graph branch.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE612boundary
Latin-ālisof, related to, pertaining to→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper suffix ancestor is promoted.
No deeper unique source is promoted from the reviewed suffix entry.
The branch stops before unsupported segmentation.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe source horizon is exposed rather than extended.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE618boundary
Ancient Greek-ιστήςagent or person associated with an action→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper unique suffix ancestor is promoted.
The Greek suffix is composite, but no single deeper lexical parent is promoted here.
The branch ends before unsupported decomposition.
CONFIDENCE NOTEA morphological history need not resolve to one word root.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE623boundary
Ancient Greek-ίζεινdo or practice the action of the base→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper unique suffix ancestor is promoted.
No deeper unique source is promoted from the reviewed suffix entry.
The branch stops before unsupported segmentation.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe source-supported history ends at Greek -izein.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE629boundary
Proto-Indo-European*werh₁-speak→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the speaking root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *werh1- speaking root.
The trail ends where the published comparative analysis ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed and must not be mistaken for an attested first word.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE636boundary
Proto-Indo-European*werh₁-speak→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the speaking root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *werh1- speaking root.
The trail ends where the published comparative analysis ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe English grammatical history does not make the prehistoric root directly observable.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE642boundary
Proto-Indo-European*werh₁-speak→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the speaking root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *werh1- speaking root.
The trail ends where the published comparative analysis ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe -alis branch ends separately.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE649boundary
Proto-Indo-European*werh₁-speak→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the speaking root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *werh1- speaking root.
The lexical branch ends where the published comparative analysis ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe ad- component reaches a separate boundary.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
03
READ THE EDGE, NOT JUST THE WORD
TWO HISTORIES TRAVEL TOGETHER.
Pronunciation, spelling, morphology, loss, insertion, adaptation, and regular historical development.
Narrowing, broadening, metaphor, social reanalysis, technical specialization, and meaning retained.
Attested forms, reconstructed forms marked by *, and explicit knowledge boundaries never share one certainty label.
Scholar, confidence, chronology, source stance, locator, and evidence note remain attached to the atomic edge.