RECURSIVE ANCESTOR EXPLORER
GLOBAL GRAPH ↗NORTH-STAR FEATURE / ROOT OF THE ROOT
WORD → PARENT → PARENT → UNKNOWNGO TO
THE ROOT.
Do not stop at the first ancestor. Follow every cited route—through compounds, reconstructions, and disagreements—until human knowledge actually stops.
START / NODE 1298Old SaxonOld Saxon Heliand record
hōti
Old Saxon hōti is a normalized adjective headword supported by three Heliand loci and five reported witness readings: nominative plural hotie in manuscript M and huotia in C at line 5183; accusative singular hotean in M and huotian in C at line 5246; and nominative singular huoti in C at line 5285. The Munich forms hotie and hotean are directly visible in Cgm 25 scans 150 and 152; the three Cotton readings remain source-reported. Köbler nevertheless prints hōti* with a trailing star, so the mark cannot be reduced to “no nominative exists”: the same entry explicitly reports nominative huoti. The deeper genealogy splits. UT groups hōti with the inherited hate family under Pokorny's k̑ād- “hate, displeasure, uneasiness”; Köbler cross-references hatōn as a headword but gives the adjective a distinct etymology through Germanic *hwōtja- beside *hwōtō “threat” and Pokorny's *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex “bore, prick, stab,” whose wider reflexes include whetting and inciting. The graph preserves both lanes. It does not turn hostile intent into a timeless essence, infer exact pronunciation from spelling, or pretend that a dictionary cross-reference settles ancestry.
“The Old Saxon adjective that looks semantically closest to hate may belong to the family of whetting, pricking, threatening, and inciting instead. The sources disagree: UT files hōti with hate, while Köbler gives it a separate *hwōtja- / *hwōtō / *kʷē̆d- route. Even its trailing star resists the usual shortcut, because nominative huoti is explicitly attested.”OPEN COMPLETE WORD DOSSIER ↗
EVERY REVIEWED PARENT, NOT ONE EDITORIAL PATH
FOLLOW EVERY BRANCH.
Compound components and competing routes stay separate. Every arrow retains its sound change, semantic change, scholar, confidence, and exact sources.
01
PARENT ROUTES2 REVIEWED RELATIONSHIPS
Old Saxonhōti
hostile, inimical, or enraged
↑GO DEEPER
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic adjective reconstruction*hwōtja-hostile or threatening
*
RECONSTRUCTED, NOT DIRECTLY ATTESTED
- SOUND CHANGE
- Under Köbler's analysis, the normalized Old Saxon h-ō-t-i frame continues a Germanic *hw-ō-t-j- adjective. The five written Old Saxon surfaces vary between ho- and huo- and across inflectional endings; the edge does not assign one exact phonetic date to those spellings.
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- A reconstructed hostile or threatening adjective continues in Heliand contexts of hostile minds and hostile intent. The branch evidence does not prove that sharpened or incited was the adjective's consciously felt meaning.
- SCHOLAR
- Gerhard Köbler
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — Köbler explicitly publishes the reconstruction, but UT assigns the same Old Saxon adjective to the hate family instead.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the ninth- and tenth-century Heliand witness record.
2 CITATIONSAltsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiandhōti* entry, E field: Germanic *hwōtja-, *hwōtjaz Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexesOld Saxon hōti row under k̑ād- AUDIT CANONICAL EDGE 1263 ↗
Publishes the direct Germanic adjective reconstruction beneath the Old Saxon entry.
ORIGINAL ↗Assigns the same Old Saxon form to the inherited hate family instead.
ORIGINAL ↗Old Saxonhōti
hostile, inimical, or enraged
↑GO DEEPER
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic*hatiz-hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility
*
RECONSTRUCTED, NOT DIRECTLY ATTESTED
- SOUND CHANGE
- UT places Old Saxon hōti in the same reflex table as hatōn, heti, and the wider Germanic hate family. The atlas crosswalks that classification to its reviewed *hatiz- node without claiming an observed Proto-Germanic token.
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- The hostile or inimical adjective is grouped with hate, displeasure, enmity, anger, and persecution. Köbler's distinct *hwōtja- analysis prevents this semantic grouping from being treated as a settled single parent.
- SCHOLAR
- Linguistics Research Center editors · SET-U cross-source review
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — UT explicitly groups the form with the hate family; Köbler's E field explicitly reconstructs another Germanic family.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Alternative Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the Old Saxon Heliand record.
2 CITATIONSAltsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiandhōti* entry, separate E field *hwōtja- and *kʷē̆d- comparison Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexesOld Saxon hōti row in the k̑ād- hate-family reflex table AUDIT CANONICAL EDGE 1267 ↗
Publishes a competing parent family despite the entry's headword cross-reference to hatōn.
ORIGINAL ↗Explicitly groups the adjective with Old Saxon hatōn and heti and the wider hate family.
ORIGINAL ↗THE ASTERISK IS A PROMISE
RECONSTRUCTION IS
NOT INSCRIPTION.
Crossing into a starred form changes the evidence class. The interface marks that crossing, preserves confidence, and never manufactures the next root to make the picture look complete.