Canonical edges, each carrying form and meaning history.
THE CHANGE ATLAS
WORD FAMILIES ↗EVERY REVIEWED EDGE / TWO HISTORIES EACH
FORM → MEANING → EVIDENCEHOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.
A global atlas of every reviewed transformation in the graph—from lost vowels and borrowed spellings to meanings narrowed, inverted, elevated, and remade.
EVERY TRANSFORMATION
IS A CLAIM.
Every edge names the linked forms, relationship, sound history, semantic history, scholar, confidence, chronology when known, and the sources that warrant it. Search the language of change without flattening it.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in form.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in meaning.
515 distinct sources support the edge ledger.
Named analyses remain attached instead of becoming anonymous fact.
Borrowing, inheritance, derivation, uncertainty, and more stay distinct.
011025 MATCHING EDGES
SEARCH THE TRANSFORMATIONS
FOLLOW CHANGE ITSELF.
all changeSearch form and meaning togethersound historySearch phonological and formal changemeaning historySearch mutation in sense and use
The atlas searches the exact reviewed prose and authoritative edge labels. It does not manufacture universal “sound laws” or semantic categories by guessing from descriptions.
02PAGE 34 / 43
SEMANTIC HISTORY
1025 EVIDENCE-BACKED CHANGES
EDGE041boundary
Proto-Indo-European*kʷetwóresfour→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper numeral ancestor is represented as secure.
The reviewed numeral lineage reaches its stated reconstruction boundary.
Anything deeper is outside the present secure graph.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE050boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is presented as secure.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops rather than laundering a contested root into certainty.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE056boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is presented as secure.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE061boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is presented as secure.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE068boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is presented as secure.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE075boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is presented as secure.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE082boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is presented as secure.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE087boundary
Classical ArabicKhwārizmKhwārizm, a region south of the Aral Sea→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely demonstrated lexical ancestor of the place name is presented.
No deeper analysis of the toponym is promoted without dedicated Iranian and Central Asian onomastic review.
The graph stops at the geographic name rather than inventing a lexical root.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE091boundary
Classical Arabicjabarato restore, reunite, set or mend→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo Proto-Semitic reconstruction is asserted in this dossier.
This dossier does not promote a deeper Semitic reconstruction without a reviewed specialist source.
The attested Arabic verb is the current evidentiary horizon.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE096boundary
Latincalxlime, limestone→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNThe route beyond calculus remains unsettled.
The traditional limestone route and substrate alternatives do not yield a single secure deeper chain.
The graph stops at the live etymological dispute.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE100boundary
Proto-Indo-European*h₃órbʰosperson or property transferred; bereaved person, orphan, or dependent→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is presented as secure.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the proposed Indo-European base.
The graph stops where the comparative evidence currently stops.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE106boundary
Proto-Indo-European*mūs-mouse; also the family behind specialized muscle words→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor beyond *mūs- is asserted.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the reviewed Indo-European *mūs- reconstruction.
The graph stops rather than fabricating an ancestor for the mouse word.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE113boundary
Proto-Indo-European*mūs-mouse; also the family behind specialized muscle words→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor beyond *mūs- is asserted.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the reviewed Indo-European *mūs- reconstruction.
The graph stops rather than fabricating an ancestor for the mouse word.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE118boundary
Proto-Indo-European*mūs-mouse; also the family behind specialized muscle words→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor beyond *mūs- is asserted.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the reviewed Indo-European *mūs- reconstruction.
The graph stops rather than fabricating an ancestor for the mouse word.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE124boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ghos-ti-stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as secure.
No deeper form is promoted as a secure ancestor of *ghos-ti-.
The graph preserves a hypothetical exchange-root analysis as proposed evidence, not as the single established continuation.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE129boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ghos-ti-stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as secure.
No deeper form is promoted as a secure ancestor of *ghos-ti-.
The graph preserves a hypothetical exchange-root analysis as proposed evidence, not as the single established continuation.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE134boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ghos-ti-stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as secure.
No deeper form is promoted as a secure ancestor of *ghos-ti-.
The graph preserves a hypothetical exchange-root analysis as proposed evidence, not as the single established continuation.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE142boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ghos-ti-stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as secure.
No deeper form is promoted as a secure ancestor of *ghos-ti-.
The graph preserves a hypothetical exchange-root analysis as proposed evidence, not as the single established continuation.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE150boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ghos-ti-stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as secure.
No deeper form is promoted as a secure ancestor of *ghos-ti-.
The graph preserves a hypothetical exchange-root analysis as proposed evidence, not as the single established continuation.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE152boundary
Proto-Indo-European*pot-master; one in control→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor of the *pot- component is asserted in this graph branch.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the reviewed *pot- component.
The component branch stops at the current comparative evidence horizon.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE154boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ǵhes-take or give in exchange; hypothetical deeper base of *ghos-ti-→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor of the proposed *ǵhes- analysis is asserted.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the hypothetical *ǵhes- analysis.
The proposed exchange-root branch stops at the current evidence horizon.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE161boundary
Proto-Indo-European*skei-cut, split; proposed source of a discern > know development→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor beyond this disputed comparison
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed *skei- comparison.
The graph stops where the reviewed comparative analysis stops.
EDGE168boundary
Proto-Indo-European*skei-cut, split; proposed source of a discern > know development→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor beyond this disputed comparison
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed *skei- comparison.
The graph stops where the reviewed comparative analysis stops.
EDGE173boundary
No deeper numeral form is asserted beyond *dekm̥.
The reviewed trail ends at the published Indo-European root.
03
READ THE EDGE, NOT JUST THE WORD
TWO HISTORIES TRAVEL TOGETHER.
Pronunciation, spelling, morphology, loss, insertion, adaptation, and regular historical development.
Narrowing, broadening, metaphor, social reanalysis, technical specialization, and meaning retained.
Attested forms, reconstructed forms marked by *, and explicit knowledge boundaries never share one certainty label.
Scholar, confidence, chronology, source stance, locator, and evidence note remain attached to the atomic edge.