820 canonical forms + 578 route stages.
THE TIMELINE ATLAS
JOURNEY ATLAS ↗FORM / ROUTE / BOUND
1398 REVIEWED EVENTSLANGUAGE
IN TIME.
One cross-word chronology for every defensibly bounded form and journey stage—without converting a vague historical label into a fake year.
A reviewed graph bound, not a claim of an earliest human word.
Only stages with directly cited numeric bounds enter this atlas.
Labels remain visible in Journey Atlas, but not parsed into false years.
001398 MATCHING EVENTS
FILTER THE CHRONOLOGY
WHEN DID THE EVIDENCE LAND?
TWO CLOCKS.
NO FALSE PRECISION.
FORM CHRONOLOGY dates a canonical linguistic form or reconstruction in the lexical graph.
ROUTE CHRONOLOGY dates a geographic or transmission stage in a word’s journey.
They can share an era band, but they are never silently treated as the same kind of claim.
CROSS-WORD CHRONOLOGY / EARLIEST BOUND FIRST
THE EVIDENCE IN TIME
Medieval30 ON THIS PAGE
900 CE–1700 CErange
CANONICAL FORMMiddle Irish
cais
Middle Irish and later Irish dictionary citations
love; hate, with readings dependent on context
901 CE–1000 CErange
ROUTE STAGESouth Lower Rhine Old Dutch record
vijand
Wachtendonck Psalms, 901–1000
ONW locates most early records in the South Lower Rhine and labels the surviving witnesses as copies from 1595–1605, circa 1598, or later.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
The language-period date and later-copy date are distinct; no original tenth-century object is claimed.
AUDIT RECORD ↗901 CE–1000 CErange
ROUTE STAGESouth Lower Rhine Old Dutch record
fīunt
Wachtendonck Psalms material, linguistically dated 901–1000
ONW locates the records in the South Lower Rhine while labeling their surviving copies 1595–1605, circa 1598, or 1701–1800. The dossier preserves both clocks.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
Language-period dating is not a surviving manuscript-object date or a word-birth date.
AUDIT RECORD ↗901 CE–1200 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld Dutch
fīunt / fīant
Old Dutch
enemy or opponent; one disputed record may denote the Devil
901 CE–1200 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld Dutch
fīunt
Old Dutch; oldest corpus range 901–1000, later records through 1200
enemy or opponent; one disputed gloss may denote the Devil
940 CE–999 CErange
ROUTE STAGEEngland, possibly southern England
hatōn
Cotton Caligula A VII, middle or second half of the tenth century
Biblissima and the British Library catalog the C witness as an English copy, possibly southern, while the three C readings in this dossier remain source-reported.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
A conservative manuscript-copy interval, not the date of Heliand composition or of the spoken word.
AUDIT RECORD ↗950 CE–999 CErange
ROUTE STAGEEnglish Cotton manuscript transmission
hōti
Cotton Caligula A VII, mid or second half of the tenth century
Köbler reports huotia, huotian, and huoti from manuscript C. None of those three exact page images was inspected in this review.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
Representative catalog range; the three readings remain source-reported.
AUDIT RECORD ↗950 CE–1150 CErange
ROUTE STAGELate Old English records
kindred
cynræden / cynrēde
The compound joins cynn with an affixoid meaning a condition or state associated with its first element.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
Merriam-Webster reports one inflected occurrence. The interval describes the late Old English stage, not the date of an inspected manuscript object.
AUDIT RECORD ↗950 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
cynræden / cynrēde
Late Old English
kinship; the condition or collective state associated with kin
950 CE–1400 CErange
ROUTE STAGENorthern France
humility
later 10th century–1400 Old French
French humilité carries the Christian virtue and abasement fields from Latin.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The range begins with CNRTL’s later-tenth-century lexical report and does not claim one exact borrowing year.
AUDIT RECORD ↗950 CE–1400 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld French
humilité
Old French, attested from the later 10th century
quality of one who is humble; abasement before God
960 CE–961 CErange
ROUTE STAGEOld Norse poetic world
fjándi
source-reported 960–961 enemy records
Lexicon Poeticum places fjándi in tenth-century poetry as an ordinary enemy noun, while warning that dates require checking.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
Source-reported composition dates under an explicit project disclaimer, not manuscript-production dates.
AUDIT RECORD ↗975 CE–1025 CErange
ROUTE STAGEEngland, copying place unresolved
fēond
Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, folio 180v
The directly inspected Beowulf folio visibly preserves feondes fotlast. The reviewed sources identify the unique manuscript but do not reduce its copying place to one secure coordinate.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A conservative manuscript-production horizon; it is not the composition date of Beowulf or the birth date of fēond.
AUDIT RECORD ↗975 CE–1025 CErange
ROUTE STAGEEngland, copying place unresolved
frēond
Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, folio 152r
The directly inspected Beowulf folio visibly preserves freondum at verse 1018. The manuscript locates textual survival, not the origin of the word or a single birthplace for its senses.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A conservative production horizon for the manuscript; it is not the poem’s composition date or the word’s first-use date.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPersian
چای
Persian, reported by the 11th century
tea
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMCantonese
茶
Cantonese contact form
tea
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
word
before 12th century–today
a meaningful spoken or written unit; an utterance or expression
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
true
before 12th century–today
in accord with fact; faithful; accurate
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
truth
before 12th century–today
conformity to fact or reality; sincerity; fidelity
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
tree
before 12th century–today
perennial woody plant; branching structure
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
right
before 12th century–today
correct, just, proper, straight, or right-side
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
rich
before 12th century–today
wealthy, abundant, valuable, or intense
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
woman
before the 12th century–today
adult female human being
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
man
before the 12th century–today
human being; adult male human
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
lord
before the 12th century–today
ruler; master; titled man
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
lady
before the 12th century–today
woman of rank; polite term for a woman
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
wife
before the 12th century–today
married woman in relation to a spouse
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
loaf
before the 12th century–today
shaped mass of bread
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
dough
before the 12th century–today
a kneadable flour-and-liquid mixture
1000 CE →open
CANONICAL FORMPresent-Day English
bride
before the 12th century–today
a woman about to be or recently married
UNBOUNDED IS
A REAL RESULT.
Stages without source-backed numeric bounds stay in their complete Journey Atlas route, carry an explicit temporal note, and remain absent here until the evidence supports normalization. The missing point is visible work—not permission to guess.