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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCALNo exact match for “Science” in this partial English subset. That does not mean the full research corpus—or linguistic scholarship—has no record. Check the original dictionary entry ↗
INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →019
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounexact headword
science
Systematic knowledge today; inherited through French from Latin scientia, a much broader word for knowledge, awareness, and understanding.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun combining formcontrarian claim
-logy
A bound English word element used in formations involving discourse or expression and in names of doctrines, theories, sciences, and fields of study.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
conscience
The moral sense or awareness of one's conduct, inherited through medieval French from the Latin knowing-family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗verbcontrarian claim
etymologize
To discover, formulate, state, or study etymologies; an English verb formed from etymology with -ize.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
logic
The discipline and practice of valid reasoning, inherited through French and Latin from a Greek family of word, account, speech, and reason.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
nescience
Lack of knowledge or awareness, borrowed from the Latin negative-knowing family also underlying science and the older history of nice.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectivecontrarian claim
nice
Pleasant, kind, or precise today; a fourteenth-century borrowing whose early senses included foolish, simple, wanton, and fastidious.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjective · nouncontrarian claim
omniscient
Knowing everything; borrowed from a learned Latin all-knowing formation in the science and scire family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjective · later substantivized neutercontrarian claim
ἔτυμος
An Ancient Greek adjective meaning true, real, or actual; its neuter later supplied a technical noun for a word’s true sense according to its origin.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗0212
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Present-Day English / Indo-European
science
systematic knowledge, especially knowledge tested through scientific method
- DATE
- 19th century–today
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
science
an organized body or branch of knowledge
- DATE
- 16th–18th centuries
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
science / cience
knowledge, learning, the ability to know, a branch of knowledge
- DATE
- 14th–15th centuries
- MATCH
- historical-form prefix
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Anglo-French / Indo-European
science / cience
knowledge, learning
- DATE
- Anglo-French period
- MATCH
- historical-form prefix
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
-logy
bound element forming nouns of expression, discourse, doctrine, theory, science, or study
- DATE
- Modern English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
conscience
awareness of right and wrong; moral judgment; historically also consciousness or awareness
- DATE
- 13th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
conscience
awareness of conduct, morality, or inward knowledge
- DATE
- Middle English, 13th–15th centuries
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Anglo-French / Indo-European
conscience
conscience, consciousness, or inward awareness
- DATE
- Anglo-French period
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
logik
the science of reasoning
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
nescience
lack of knowledge or awareness; ignorance
- DATE
- 1612–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Medieval Latin / Indo-European
omniscientia
all-knowledge or omniscience
- DATE
- Medieval Latin
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Ancient Greek / Indo-European
λογική
logikḗthe logical art or science
- DATE
- Ancient Greek
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
0318
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 11
openproposedexact word
Does Latin scīre securely descend from *skei- “cut, split”?
No single analysis is secure. A discern-from-separating bridge is plausible, but the formation and semantic development remain disputed.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Did science always mean modern natural science?
No. Its earliest English and Latin histories center on knowledge, learning, awareness, and branches of knowledge.
openprobableposition text
Does the con- in conscience mean together or intensively?
Both analyses are published. Merriam-Webster presents com- plus scire, while American Heritage labels com- intensive; the dossier keeps the edge probable rather than forcing one exclusive gloss.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does -logy simply mean “the study of”?
No. Merriam-Webster gives oral or written expression as one sense and doctrine, theory, or science as another; American Heritage separately gives discourse or expression and science, theory, or study. “Study of” is a useful reading in many formations, not a universal historical definition.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did conscience always mean only a moral judge?
No. Moral awareness is early and central, but the Latin family and an obsolete English sense also include consciousness or general awareness.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the “bad star” composition real?
Yes. Italian disastro is analyzed as a negative prefix plus astro “star,” reflecting an astrological frame for misfortune.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did etymology originally mean modern science?
No. Ancient etymology pursued a word’s “true sense”; the modern comparative discipline developed much later.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was nescience coined in modern English by negating science?
No. English borrowed the learned noun through Late Latin nescientia, itself built through nesciens and nescīre from the Latin negative plus scīre.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was omniscient assembled in English from omni plus science?
No. English borrowed a learned Latin all-knowing form; the compound analysis belongs inside Latin, not as a new English coinage from the modern noun science.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did the c. 1175 French witness already mean modern linguistic science?
No. CNRTL treats the earliest records as a title reference and contextual wordplay distinct from the modern scientific sense.
resolvedestablishedposition text
When did French étymologie become the name of a science?
CNRTL reports a generalized research sense from 1756 but notes that the word continued to be called an art; it reports an explicit science definition only in 1836.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 7
RANK 92GRADE Aexact ranked word
Science originally meant knowledge.
Before the modern natural-science center, science could mean knowledge or an organized branch of learning. A directly inspected 1704 witness still prints that broader institutional sense.
RANK 17GRADE Aranked reveal
-logy never simply meant “the study of.”
The bound form’s recorded range includes expression and discourse as well as doctrine, theory, science, and study. Its trail reaches Greek logos—word, speech, account, reckoning, reason—rather than a prehistoric word meaning “science.”
RANK 82GRADE Acontrarian claim
The word existed before the science it now names.
French records reach c. 1175, but CNRTL dates the generalized inquiry into word origins to 1756 and an explicit science definition to 1836.
RANK 87GRADE Acontrarian claim
The verb came before the science label.
Etymologize is reported from 1532 or the 1530s, while Etymonline dates etymology in the modern “science of linguistic analysis” sense to the 1640s.
RANK 166GRADE Acontrarian claim
Conscience was not always only the moral judge.
The word's recorded family also includes consciousness and awareness. Moral self-judgment became central inside a wider history of knowing.
RANK 170GRADE Acontrarian claim
Not knowing has its own science-family word.
Nescience descends through Latin nescientia and nescīre, built from ne- “not” plus scīre “know.” It is science’s historical negative cousin, not a recent parody.
RANK 171GRADE Aranked reveal
Omniscient was already an all-knowing word before English borrowed it.
The structure belongs to learned Latin: omni- plus the knowing family. English did not freshly bolt omni onto the modern noun science.
0412
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
historical dictionary23 CLAIM LINKS
Science — Word History
Merriam-Webster Editors / 2026
title prefixAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary32 CLAIM LINKS
Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hassen
Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm · DWDS editorial team / 2026
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗etymological dictionary29 CLAIM LINKS
DWDS — Feind, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer
Wolfgang Pfeifer · DWDS editorial team / 2026
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗etymological dictionary29 CLAIM LINKS
DWDS — Hass, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer
Wolfgang Pfeifer · DWDS editorial team / 2026
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗etymological dictionary23 CLAIM LINKS
DWDS — Freund, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer
Wolfgang Pfeifer · DWDS editorial team / 2026
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗digitized primary source19 CLAIM LINKS
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciences
John Harris / 1704
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary16 CLAIM LINKS
Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hasz, m.
Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm · DWDS editorial team / 2026
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary11 CLAIM LINKS
Conscience — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use
Merriam-Webster Editors / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary9 CLAIM LINKS
American Heritage Dictionary: conscience
American Heritage Dictionary Editors / 2022
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary9 CLAIM LINKS
Nescience — Definition and Word History
Merriam-Webster Editors / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗digital critical edition8 CLAIM LINKS
Electronic Beowulf, Fifth Edition
Kevin Kiernan, editor and designer · Emil Iacob, software engineer / 2026
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary6 CLAIM LINKS
Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch — haz, Old Saxon hetias in the Saxon Confession
Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig · Trier Center for Digital Humanities / 2026
author or editorAUDIT EVERY USE ↗0512
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
The SYSTEM entry in John Harris’s Lexicon technicum uses Science for an organized branch of knowledge when defining a system of philosophy.
science / science / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesexact attested form / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexicographic first use
English lexicographic first-use report for science
science / cience / science / 14th century
Science — Word Historyattested-form prefix / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
The e-rara object record and searchable scan locate John Harris's dictionary definition of algorithm.
algorithm / algorithm / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
John Harris’s Lexicon technicum prints ALGEBRA as a headword and identifies it as an analytic art concerned with equations.
algebra / algebra / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
John Harris’s Lexicon technicum prints DECIMAL in the head phrase DECIMAL Fraction and begins its mathematical definition.
decimal / decimal / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
The CHIMES entry in John Harris’s Lexicon technicum uses calculate in instructions about clock-chime numbers.
calculate / calculate / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
John Harris’s Lexicon technicum prints MUSCLE as a headword and defines its role in voluntary animal motion.
muscle / muscle / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
John Harris’s Lexicon technicum prints ETYMOLOGY as a headword and defines it as the part of grammar concerned with words’ origins and true signification.
etymology / etymology / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
John Harris’s Lexicon technicum prints the historical English headword LOGICK and opens by calling it the art of right thinking.
logic / logic / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
A passage about the crystalline lens in John Harris’s Lexicon technicum uses the inflected English form collects while describing how the lens gathers and refracts rays.
collect / collect / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
A banking-exchange passage in John Harris’s Lexicon technicum uses Salary for the banker’s compensation.
salary / salary / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
The PAPER-OFFICE entry in John Harris’s Lexicon technicum includes Letters of Intelligence among official papers communicated to the King’s Council.
intelligence / intelligence / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.