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START / NODE 1093Old EnglishOld English
hete
An attested Old English noun for hate, enmity, malice, spite, hostility, and persecution, productive in compounds and securely aligned with the Germanic hate family; whether Middle English hate directly continues it remains disputed, and the proposed deeper Indo-European route remains semantically opaque.
“Old English did not keep hate inside one abstract noun. Hete built a vocabulary of people-hate, murder-hate, weapon-hate, war-hate, hostile speech, hostile blows, and even a charm for producing hate.”OPEN COMPLETE WORD DOSSIER ↗
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01
PARENT ROUTES1 REVIEWED RELATIONSHIP
Old Englishhete
hate, hatred, spite, envy, malice, hostility, or anger
↑GO DEEPER
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic*hatiz-hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility
*
RECONSTRUCTED, NOT DIRECTLY ATTESTED
- SOUND CHANGE
- The Germanic i-stem *hatiz- yields Old English hete; the exact intermediate West Germanic paradigm is not independently promoted here.
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- The Germanic hate, anger, enmity, and spite field continues in the Old English noun.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · Anatoly Liberman
- CONFIDENCE
- established — Merriam-Webster directly aligns the i-stem with Old English hete; Liberman supplies the Germanic cognate set.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Proto-Germanic reconstruction into attested Old English.
4 CITATIONSHate — definition, etymology, and first known useNoun etymology: Germanic *hatiz- and Old English hete The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concludedGermanic cognate paragraph: Old English hete, Old High German haz, Old Saxon heti, Old Icelandic hatr HETE — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary OnlineHETE entry, etymology section A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — hete and related entriesLines 2968–2985, hete and compounds AUDIT CANONICAL EDGE 1087 ↗
Publishes the i-stem ancestry and comparison.
ORIGINAL ↗Supplies the comparative Germanic family.
ORIGINAL ↗Supplies the Old English form and attested Germanic comparisons.
ORIGINAL ↗Independently documents the form, semantic range, and related formations.
ORIGINAL ↗THE ASTERISK IS A PROMISE
RECONSTRUCTION IS
NOT INSCRIPTION.
Crossing into a starred form changes the evidence class. The interface marks that crossing, preserves confidence, and never manufactures the next root to make the picture look complete.