*SET-U

THE JOURNEY ATLAS

TIMELINE ATLAS ↗

MAP THE ROUTE / KEEP THE LIMIT

PLACE → PERIOD → TRANSFORMATION

WORDS HAVE
ADDRESSES.

Trace where a word’s reviewed history passed through—and see every broad, global, or uncertain stage that cannot honestly be reduced to one point.

THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTRACT

A ROUTE IS A MODEL.
NOT A GPS TRACE.

Regional pins locate reviewed cultural stages. Approximate pins locate broad reconstructed or contact regions. Global stages stay unpinned. Every route preserves its full editorial sequence; only directly cited, explicitly bounded stages also enter the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

959REVIEWED ROUTE STAGES

Ordered inside 214 complete dossier journeys.

230HONEST MAP POINTS

231 coordinate pairs exist; global placements are suppressed.

729NO SINGLE PIN

Broad, global, uncertain, or not honestly reducible to one point.

959DIRECTLY CITED STAGES

1324 claim-level citations; every remaining stage is a frontier task.

578NUMERIC TIME BOUNDS

Source-backed stages now join the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

381TIME BOUNDS WITHHELD

Historic labels remain readable without being parsed into false years.

00

FILTER THE ROUTE ARCHIVE

WHERE DID THE WORD GO?

214 ROUTES / 959 MATCHING STAGES

Filters select complete word journeys when any stage matches. The map and route card then preserve the surrounding stages, so a search result never becomes a historically amputated dot.

01

THE REVIEWED GEOGRAPHIC LAYER

WORDS DO NOT MOVE IN STRAIGHT LINES.

230 PLOTTED STAGES
230 plotted stages in matching word journeys-logy, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic record — -logiā, logos, and legein-logy, stage 3: Northern France — Old French -logie-logy, stage 4: England — Middle English -logieadverb, stage 2: Roman grammatical tradition — Latin adverbiumadverb, stage 3: France and England — Middle French to Middle Englishaguacate, stage 1: Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico — 1571 Molina recordalgebra, stage 1: Baghdad — c. 825algebra, stage 2: Iberian and Latin translation worlds — 12th centuryalgebra, stage 3: England — 1551algorism, stage 1: Khwārizmian name horizon — approximately 780–850algorism, stage 2: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th centuryalgorism, stage 3: France and England — 13th–14th centuriesalgorism, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th centuryalgorithm, stage 1: Khwārizm — 8th–9th centuriesalgorithm, stage 2: Baghdad — 9th centuryalgorithm, stage 3: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th–15th centuriesarithmetic, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic world — antiquityarithmetic, stage 2: Latin and medieval French scholarship — 12th–13th centuriesarithmetic, stage 3: Medieval England — circa 1250 English horizonbetroth, stage 3: England — Middle English bi-/be- plus trouthboy, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English boibride, stage 1: Old English language area — Old English brȳdbridegroom, stage 3: Scots and English record — brydegrome in 1525calculate, stage 3: England — 1542 English first-known-use horizoncalculator, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquity and Late Latincalculator, stage 2: Medieval England — 14th-century English recordcalculus, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquitycalculus, stage 3: England — 1666 English recordcandid, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandid, stage 3: France — Middle French, c. 1300–1600candid, stage 4: England and global English — 1597–todaycandidate, stage 1: Roman office-seeking practice — Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedcandidate, stage 2: French candidat and learned circulation — 1284 French record; 1546 public-office sensecandidate, stage 3: England — 1600 English first-known-use horizoncandor, stage 1: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandor, stage 2: France — French transmission, date unresolvedcandor, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordchá, stage 2: Macao and Cantonese maritime contact — 16th centurychá, stage 3: Portuguese-language record — current Infopédia recordclew, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English, before the 12th centuryclew, stage 2: Medieval England — Middle English, c. 1100–1500clue, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — before 1150clue, stage 2: English literature — late 16th c.collect, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitycollect, stage 3: Anglo-French and Middle English — medievalconscience, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscience, stage 3: Medieval France and England — 13th-century English horizonconscious, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscious, stage 3: England — circa 1600 English recorddairy, stage 1: Old English language area — dǣge, female baker or servantdialogue, stage 2: Ancient Greek speech communities — Ancient Greek recorddialogue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latindialogue, stage 4: Medieval England — circa 1200–15th centurydirect, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French directer to Middle English directendisaster, stage 2: Italy — Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolveddisaster, stage 3: France — Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolveddough, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — dāg before the 12th centuryemoticon, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemoticon, stage 3: England — 1579 English emotion recordemotion, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemotion, stage 3: England — 1579 English recordetymological, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1588–1590s source horizonsetymologist, stage 1: Medieval and Early Modern English learned vocabulary — late 14th century–1604etymologist, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1604–1630s source horizonsetymologize, stage 1: Medieval English learned vocabulary — late 14th century onwardetymologize, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1532 transitive horizonetymologize, stage 3: English semantic expansion — 1650s intransitive horizonetymology, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCEetymology, stage 3: Rome and medieval Europe — antiquity–14th c.etymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsetymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useetymon, stage 3: English printed record — 1573feign, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English feynen and feignenfemale, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — fēmina to fēmellafemale, stage 3: France and England — femele to femellefiction, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English ficciounfigure, stage 3: Medieval France and England — figure in the 13th centuryfijan, stage 4: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijan, stage 5: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijan, stage 6: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijan, stage 7: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijan, stage 9: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669fijands, stage 5: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijands, stage 6: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijands, stage 7: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijands, stage 8: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijands, stage 10: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669girl, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English girlehatan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesseshatan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatis, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesshatis, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyhatis, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatis, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatis, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatizōn, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatizōn, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatizōn, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatizōn, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatizōn, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatjan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatjan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatjan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatjan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatjan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatōn, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryheti, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryhospice, stage 3: England — 1818 English lodging horizonhospitality, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquityhospitality, stage 3: France and England — medieval French and English transmissionhostel, stage 2: England — 14th-century English recordhostis, stage 3: Rome — Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimonyhuman, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — homō to hūmānushuman, stage 3: France and England — humainhumble, stage 3: Medieval England and Anglo-French contact — humble in the 13th centuryhumiliate, stage 3: England — circa 1534 English recordhumiliation, stage 3: Northern France — Middle French before 1449–1495humiliation, stage 4: England — late 14th-century Middle Englishhumility, stage 3: Northern France — later 10th century–1400 Old Frenchhumility, stage 4: England — 14th-century Middle English and Englishhusband, stage 3: Medieval England — hūsbōnda to husbondehōti, stage 6: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryicon, stage 1: Greek and Roman linguistic worlds — antiquity–Late Latinicon, stage 2: England — 1572 English recordicon, stage 3: Eastern Christian and English religious discourse — 1833–todayintellect, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquityintellect, stage 2: Medieval France — Old French transmission, c. 800–1400intellect, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordintelligence, stage 2: Roman world — antiquityintelligence, stage 3: France and England — 14th centuryintelligent, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityintelligent, stage 3: England — circa 1540 English recordkapu, stage 2: Hawaiian-language record — 1836 dictionary record–todaykayık, stage 3: Modern Turkish kayık — 2023 dictionary record–todaylady, stage 2: Medieval England — hlǣfdige to ladylaw, stage 2: Scandinavia and the Old Norse world — approximately 700–1500law, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 2: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 3: Middle English England — approximately 1150–1500lecture, stage 2: Roman and medieval scholarly worlds — antiquity–medievallecture, stage 3: England — 15th centurylegal, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitylegal, stage 3: Anglo-French England — medievallegend, stage 2: Medieval Latin Christendom — medievallegend, stage 3: England — c. 1500legible, stage 2: Roman and Late Latin world — Latin antiquity–late antiquitylegible, stage 3: England — late 14th–15th centurieslegislation, stage 3: France — 1372–1374 French recordlegislation, stage 4: England — 1606 English reportlesson, stage 3: England — 13th-century English recordliufs, stage 4: Ravenna — early-6th-century Codex Argenteuslogic, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCElogic, stage 3: Latin and medieval French scholarship — antiquity–12th centurylord, stage 2: Medieval England — hlāford to loverdlove, stage 1: Pontic–Caspian horizon — Proto-Indo-European prehistorylove, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English period; English record before 12th c.male, stage 1: Roman linguistic world — mās to masculusmale, stage 2: France and England — masle to maleman, stage 3: Early and medieval England — Old English mann to Middle English mannescience, stage 3: England — 1612 English recordomniscient, stage 3: England — 1598 English recordperson, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — Latin persōnaperson, stage 3: France and England — personeprescient, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityprescient, stage 3: France — 15th-century French recordprescient, stage 4: England — 1620s English recordprologue, stage 2: Ancient Greek theatre — Ancient Greek recordprologue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latinprologue, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th–15th centuriesproverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin proverbiumqajaq, stage 2: Greenlandic qajaq terminology — 1987 terminology record–todayquarantine, stage 1: Dubrovnik / Ragusa — 1377 thirty-day trentino lawrealm, stage 3: France and England — Old French reiame to Middle English realmeregal, stage 3: France and England — Old French or Anglo-French transmissionregular, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerregulate, stage 3: England — Middle English regulaterich, stage 3: England — Old English rīcerich, stage 4: France and England — Old French riche and Middle English richeright, stage 3: England — Old English riht to Middle English rightrobot, stage 2: Prague — 1920 R.U.R. coinagerobot, stage 3: English-language R.U.R. translation and print — 1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionroyal, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialrule, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulerí, stage 3: Ireland — Old Irish rí and ríg, 8th–10th centuriessalary, stage 2: Roman world — imperial periodsalary, stage 3: Medieval France — 12th–13th c.salary, stage 4: England — 13th c. first-known-use horizonsalt, stage 2: Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Europe — approximately 450–1150salt, stage 3: England — before the 12th centuryselect, stage 2: England — 1565 adjective horizonselect, stage 3: England — 1566 verb horizonsincere, stage 1: Roman world — antiquitysincere, stage 2: France — 15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474sincere, stage 3: England — 1533 first-known-use horizontapu, stage 2: Aotearoa New Zealand Māori record — 1872 corpus example–todaytea, stage 2: Xiamen, Fujian — Southern Min contact eratea, stage 4: England — 1655 onwardten, stage 3: England — recorded before the 12th centurytree, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English treetroth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trouthtruce, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English plural trewestrue, stage 3: England — Old English trēowe to Middle English trewetrust, stage 3: Scandinavian linguistic horizon — Old Norse traust or a related Scandinavian sourcetrust, stage 4: England — Middle English trustetruth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trewtheverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin verbumverb, stage 3: Anglo-French Britain — Latin-to-French-to-English transmissionverbal, stage 1: Late Latin learned tradition — verbalis from verbum plus -alisverbal, stage 2: England — 15th-century English recordverbatim, stage 1: Roman world — Latin verbum and word-for-word phraseswife, stage 2: Medieval England — wīf to wifwoman, stage 2: Medieval England — wīfman to wommanword, stage 3: England — Old English record before the 12th centuryçay, stage 3: Turkey Turkish record — 2023 dictionary edition–todayétymologie, stage 1: Ancient Greek learned tradition — Hellenistic and later Greekétymologie, stage 2: Latin grammatical tradition — antiquity–medieval Europeétymologie, stage 3: Old French textual record — c. 1175–1188étymologie, stage 4: French technical specialization — 1529–1756étymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsétymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useétymon, stage 3: French lexicographic record — 1892μυς, stage 4: Modern Greece — current anatomical usageчай, stage 3: Russian-language record — Vasmer dictionary recordստոյգ, stage 3: Historical Armenian lexicography — 19th-century dictionaries–todayچای, stage 3: Persian-language record — Dehkhoda lexicographic record–todayἐτήτυμος, stage 3: Ancient Greek poetic usage — Archaic–Classical recordἔτυμος, stage 3: Later Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman-period records
REGIONAL PLACEMENTAPPROXIMATE / RECONSTRUCTED REGIONGLOBAL OR UNLOCATED — NO SINGLE PIN

This is not a GPS trace. Lines appear only when adjacent stages in one selected route both have defensible points. A global stage is not pinned even when a legacy coordinate names the route’s point of departure. Missing locations break the line.

02

ROUTE-BY-ROUTE SEQUENCE TIMELINES

214 MATCHING WORD JOURNEYS

PAGE 8 / 27
164

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

feign

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    fingere through feindreNO SINGLE PIN

    Latin and Anglo-French linguistic record

    The shaping verb continues through Romance into the English borrowing stem.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Middle English feynen and feignenregional placement

    Medieval English language area

    Make, fabricate, likeness, dissembling, and pretense coexist in the reported field.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    *dhi-n-gh- and *dheigh-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    Latin fingere is compared through the nasalized shaping formation.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    invented false appearance todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Present global feign senses

    The pretense branch dominates modern use without erasing its making history.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
142

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

female

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES2HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *dheh₁(i)- to *dhē-mnā-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A suckle root receives a reconstructed formation behind Latin fēmina.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    fēmina to fēmellaregional placement

    Roman linguistic world

    A Latin diminutive formation supplies the later Romance noun.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    femele to femellebroad placement

    France and England

    The noun crosses through French into medieval English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    female, 14th centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    English-speaking world

    The borrowed form is respelled under male and later spreads globally.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
163

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fiction

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    fictiō through fictionNO SINGLE PIN

    Latin and Middle French linguistic record

    Shaping, feigning, and pretense travel through the Latin and French action noun.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Middle English ficciounregional placement

    Medieval English language area

    The English mental-invention noun is documented in the fourteenth century.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    *dhi-n-gh- and *dheigh-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    Latin fingere is compared through the nasalized shaping formation.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    narrative, imagination, pretense, and law todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Present global fiction senses

    Several branches of the older action noun remain active.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
188

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fiend

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A deeper harm, blame, suffering, or hate comparison is published, but its exact formation and semantic unity remain proposed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Germanic branches preserve both the hate verb and lexicalized present-participial enemy noun. The asterisked forms are comparative reconstructions.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    fēond, fīond, fīend, and fȳndNO SINGLE PIN

    Old English-speaking England

    Dialect and inflection create multiple Old English vowels and plural patterns without creating separate enemy lexemes. Enemy, foe, and Devil uses coexist in the written record.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    fẹ̄nd, fend, feend, fiend, and extensive variationNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle English written record

    The Middle English Dictionary records 188 quotations across eight senses; OED’s forms preserve inherited plurals and regional spellings while enemy, Devil, demon, possession, and monster uses overlap.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    competing long and short vowelsNO SINGLE PIN

    Early Modern English record

    OED reports both long- and short-vowel pronunciations alongside spelling variation before the long vowel becomes dominant.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    long-vowel pronunciation becomes dominantNO SINGLE PIN

    Eighteenth-century English record

    OED’s later-development note places the dominance of the long-vowel pronunciation by the eighteenth century.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    modern fiendNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    The literal enemy or foe sense is obsolete, while Devil, demon, wicked-person, harmful-thing, and later figurative uses continue in global English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    No single hater, enemy, Devil, adversary, harm, blame, suffering, or hostility origin is promoted beyond the qualified route.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
194

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fiende

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
7STAGES0HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    Kroonen’s deeper route is a comparative linguistic proposal, not a word located at one excavated place.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The hate verb and lexicalized participial enemy noun are comparative reconstructions shared across Germanic branches.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Skåne-Lagen, beginning of the 1300sNO SINGLE PIN

    Medieval Swedish legal record

    SO reports fiende from the beginning of the 1300s in Skåne-Lagen. The title does not by itself justify one manuscript-production coordinate.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Fiande in Söderwall’s medieval dictionaryNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Swedish textual record

    Söderwall’s located edition excerpts document ordinary enemy and especially Devil uses. Their source worlds are not collapsed into a single map pin.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    fiendhom and fiende, 1521–1665NO SINGLE PIN

    Early-modern Swedish record

    SAOB records political, biblical, demonic, and figurative uses across early-modern Swedish texts.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    current fiende and historical dictionary recordNO SINGLE PIN

    Swedish-language continuum

    SAOB and SO document continuation into modern Swedish, with ordinary enemy or opponent central and military, collective, and figurative uses available.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before hater, enemy, Devil, hatred, harm, or pursuit is declared the one certain prehistoric essence.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
158

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

figure

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *dheigh- and the result-of-forming branchNO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A reconstructed formation supplies Latin figūra.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin figūraNO SINGLE PIN

    Latin-speaking world

    Shape, form, likeness, and figurative representation are established in the Latin family.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    figure in the 13th centuryregional placement

    Medieval France and England

    The Romance form enters Middle English through a French channel.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    modern figureNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Shape, number, representation, person, and calculation senses circulate globally.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
184

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fijan

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
10STAGES5HONEST PINS5NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A deeper harm, blame, suffering, or hate comparison is published, but the precise formal route and original semantic center remain proposed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The verb was inherited across Germanic, while the present-participial enemy formation had already lexicalized before Gothic according to the cross-branch noun parallels.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    fijan and fijands translation systemNO SINGLE PIN

    Fourth-century Gothic translation tradition

    The surviving corpus reflects a translation tradition in which the verb, productive participle, and inherited enemy noun overlap. The 42-token inventory does not equal all Gothic usage.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesregional placement

    Ravenna

    Four directly inspected tokens occur in the probable Ravenna codex: infinitive fijan on fol. 33r, j-less fiaiþ on fol. 76v, and ambiguous fijandam on fols. 123r and 143v.

    5 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyapproximate placement

    Werden, Ruhr district

    The directly inspected codex was known at a Benedictine monastery in Werden. This is evidence-object custody, not word diffusion.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    imperial custody by 1600 to 1648regional placement

    Prague

    The codex was in Emperor Rudolph II’s Prague collection by 1600 and was taken by Swedish forces in 1648.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    Swedish royal custody after 1648regional placement

    Stockholm

    The codex entered Queen Christina’s library before passing to Isaac Vossius.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    Isaac Vossius and acquisition by De la GardieNO SINGLE PIN

    Holland custody

    Vossius took the manuscript to Holland; Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie later acquired it.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  9. 09
    custody since 1669regional placement

    Uppsala University Library

    De la Gardie presented the codex to Uppsala University. Facsimiles expose four inspected tokens while Project Wulfila aligns the wider corpus.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  10. 10
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    No single enemy, hater, harm, blame, suffering, hostility, or feeling origin is promoted beyond the qualified route.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
185

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fijands

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
11STAGES5HONEST PINS6NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A deeper harm, blame, suffering, or hate comparison is published, but the formal route and original semantic center remain proposed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- hate verbNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The reconstructed verb supplies the base for the active-participial enemy formation.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    lexicalized *fi(j)and- enemy formationNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-branch enemy nouns show that one who hates had lexicalized as enemy before the surviving Gothic record.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    fijands noun beside productive fijan participlesNO SINGLE PIN

    Fourth-century Gothic translation tradition

    Gothic retained both the inherited enemy noun and the live one-who-hates participle; 21 surviving candidates remain shared between them.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesregional placement

    Ravenna

    Five noun-only candidates were directly inspected on folios 3v, 27r, 123r, and 164v. The codex is evidence for written Gothic, not a speech-frequency sample.

    5 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyapproximate placement

    Werden, Ruhr district

    The directly inspected codex was known at a Benedictine monastery in Werden. This is evidence-object custody, not word diffusion.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    imperial custody by 1600 to 1648regional placement

    Prague

    The codex was in Emperor Rudolph II’s Prague collection by 1600 and was taken by Swedish forces in 1648.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    Swedish royal custody after 1648regional placement

    Stockholm

    The codex entered Queen Christina’s library before passing to Isaac Vossius.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  9. 09
    Isaac Vossius and acquisition by De la GardieNO SINGLE PIN

    Holland custody

    Vossius took the manuscript to Holland; Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie later acquired it.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  10. 10
    custody since 1669regional placement

    Uppsala University Library

    De la Gardie presented the codex to Uppsala University. Modern facsimiles expose five noun-only tokens while Project Wulfila preserves the complete inventory.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  11. 11
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    No single hater, enemy, devil, harm, blame, suffering, or hostility origin is promoted beyond the qualified route.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
03

WHAT THIS MAP CAN AND CANNOT CLAIM

GEOGRAPHIC HONESTY IS PART OF THE DATA.

REGIONAL

A defensible cultural or linguistic region can be plotted, but the point summarizes an area rather than an exact address.

APPROXIMATE

A reconstructed homeland or contact zone is placed only as a broad visual orientation and uses a distinct dashed marker.

BROAD / GLOBAL

A distributed network, era, or world language has no honest single coordinate. It remains in the sequence and off the map.

TIME BOUNDS

Directly cited stages may carry exact, range, century, circa, open, or before bounds. Unbounded prose stays unparsed.

SOURCE FRONTIER

959 stages have claim-level citations and 578 have defensible numeric bounds. Every uncited or unbounded stage remains visible unfinished work.