*SET-U

THE JOURNEY ATLAS

TIMELINE ATLAS ↗

MAP THE ROUTE / KEEP THE LIMIT

PLACE → PERIOD → TRANSFORMATION

WORDS HAVE
ADDRESSES.

Trace where a word’s reviewed history passed through—and see every broad, global, or uncertain stage that cannot honestly be reduced to one point.

THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTRACT

A ROUTE IS A MODEL.
NOT A GPS TRACE.

Regional pins locate reviewed cultural stages. Approximate pins locate broad reconstructed or contact regions. Global stages stay unpinned. Every route preserves its full editorial sequence; only directly cited, explicitly bounded stages also enter the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

959REVIEWED ROUTE STAGES

Ordered inside 214 complete dossier journeys.

230HONEST MAP POINTS

231 coordinate pairs exist; global placements are suppressed.

729NO SINGLE PIN

Broad, global, uncertain, or not honestly reducible to one point.

959DIRECTLY CITED STAGES

1324 claim-level citations; every remaining stage is a frontier task.

578NUMERIC TIME BOUNDS

Source-backed stages now join the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

381TIME BOUNDS WITHHELD

Historic labels remain readable without being parsed into false years.

00

FILTER THE ROUTE ARCHIVE

WHERE DID THE WORD GO?

214 ROUTES / 959 MATCHING STAGES

Filters select complete word journeys when any stage matches. The map and route card then preserve the surrounding stages, so a search result never becomes a historically amputated dot.

01

THE REVIEWED GEOGRAPHIC LAYER

WORDS DO NOT MOVE IN STRAIGHT LINES.

230 PLOTTED STAGES
230 plotted stages in matching word journeys-logy, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic record — -logiā, logos, and legein-logy, stage 3: Northern France — Old French -logie-logy, stage 4: England — Middle English -logieadverb, stage 2: Roman grammatical tradition — Latin adverbiumadverb, stage 3: France and England — Middle French to Middle Englishaguacate, stage 1: Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico — 1571 Molina recordalgebra, stage 1: Baghdad — c. 825algebra, stage 2: Iberian and Latin translation worlds — 12th centuryalgebra, stage 3: England — 1551algorism, stage 1: Khwārizmian name horizon — approximately 780–850algorism, stage 2: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th centuryalgorism, stage 3: France and England — 13th–14th centuriesalgorism, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th centuryalgorithm, stage 1: Khwārizm — 8th–9th centuriesalgorithm, stage 2: Baghdad — 9th centuryalgorithm, stage 3: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th–15th centuriesarithmetic, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic world — antiquityarithmetic, stage 2: Latin and medieval French scholarship — 12th–13th centuriesarithmetic, stage 3: Medieval England — circa 1250 English horizonbetroth, stage 3: England — Middle English bi-/be- plus trouthboy, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English boibride, stage 1: Old English language area — Old English brȳdbridegroom, stage 3: Scots and English record — brydegrome in 1525calculate, stage 3: England — 1542 English first-known-use horizoncalculator, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquity and Late Latincalculator, stage 2: Medieval England — 14th-century English recordcalculus, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquitycalculus, stage 3: England — 1666 English recordcandid, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandid, stage 3: France — Middle French, c. 1300–1600candid, stage 4: England and global English — 1597–todaycandidate, stage 1: Roman office-seeking practice — Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedcandidate, stage 2: French candidat and learned circulation — 1284 French record; 1546 public-office sensecandidate, stage 3: England — 1600 English first-known-use horizoncandor, stage 1: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandor, stage 2: France — French transmission, date unresolvedcandor, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordchá, stage 2: Macao and Cantonese maritime contact — 16th centurychá, stage 3: Portuguese-language record — current Infopédia recordclew, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English, before the 12th centuryclew, stage 2: Medieval England — Middle English, c. 1100–1500clue, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — before 1150clue, stage 2: English literature — late 16th c.collect, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitycollect, stage 3: Anglo-French and Middle English — medievalconscience, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscience, stage 3: Medieval France and England — 13th-century English horizonconscious, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscious, stage 3: England — circa 1600 English recorddairy, stage 1: Old English language area — dǣge, female baker or servantdialogue, stage 2: Ancient Greek speech communities — Ancient Greek recorddialogue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latindialogue, stage 4: Medieval England — circa 1200–15th centurydirect, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French directer to Middle English directendisaster, stage 2: Italy — Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolveddisaster, stage 3: France — Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolveddough, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — dāg before the 12th centuryemoticon, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemoticon, stage 3: England — 1579 English emotion recordemotion, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemotion, stage 3: England — 1579 English recordetymological, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1588–1590s source horizonsetymologist, stage 1: Medieval and Early Modern English learned vocabulary — late 14th century–1604etymologist, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1604–1630s source horizonsetymologize, stage 1: Medieval English learned vocabulary — late 14th century onwardetymologize, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1532 transitive horizonetymologize, stage 3: English semantic expansion — 1650s intransitive horizonetymology, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCEetymology, stage 3: Rome and medieval Europe — antiquity–14th c.etymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsetymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useetymon, stage 3: English printed record — 1573feign, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English feynen and feignenfemale, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — fēmina to fēmellafemale, stage 3: France and England — femele to femellefiction, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English ficciounfigure, stage 3: Medieval France and England — figure in the 13th centuryfijan, stage 4: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijan, stage 5: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijan, stage 6: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijan, stage 7: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijan, stage 9: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669fijands, stage 5: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijands, stage 6: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijands, stage 7: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijands, stage 8: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijands, stage 10: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669girl, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English girlehatan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesseshatan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatis, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesshatis, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyhatis, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatis, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatis, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatizōn, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatizōn, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatizōn, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatizōn, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatizōn, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatjan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatjan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatjan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatjan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatjan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatōn, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryheti, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryhospice, stage 3: England — 1818 English lodging horizonhospitality, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquityhospitality, stage 3: France and England — medieval French and English transmissionhostel, stage 2: England — 14th-century English recordhostis, stage 3: Rome — Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimonyhuman, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — homō to hūmānushuman, stage 3: France and England — humainhumble, stage 3: Medieval England and Anglo-French contact — humble in the 13th centuryhumiliate, stage 3: England — circa 1534 English recordhumiliation, stage 3: Northern France — Middle French before 1449–1495humiliation, stage 4: England — late 14th-century Middle Englishhumility, stage 3: Northern France — later 10th century–1400 Old Frenchhumility, stage 4: England — 14th-century Middle English and Englishhusband, stage 3: Medieval England — hūsbōnda to husbondehōti, stage 6: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryicon, stage 1: Greek and Roman linguistic worlds — antiquity–Late Latinicon, stage 2: England — 1572 English recordicon, stage 3: Eastern Christian and English religious discourse — 1833–todayintellect, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquityintellect, stage 2: Medieval France — Old French transmission, c. 800–1400intellect, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordintelligence, stage 2: Roman world — antiquityintelligence, stage 3: France and England — 14th centuryintelligent, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityintelligent, stage 3: England — circa 1540 English recordkapu, stage 2: Hawaiian-language record — 1836 dictionary record–todaykayık, stage 3: Modern Turkish kayık — 2023 dictionary record–todaylady, stage 2: Medieval England — hlǣfdige to ladylaw, stage 2: Scandinavia and the Old Norse world — approximately 700–1500law, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 2: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 3: Middle English England — approximately 1150–1500lecture, stage 2: Roman and medieval scholarly worlds — antiquity–medievallecture, stage 3: England — 15th centurylegal, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitylegal, stage 3: Anglo-French England — medievallegend, stage 2: Medieval Latin Christendom — medievallegend, stage 3: England — c. 1500legible, stage 2: Roman and Late Latin world — Latin antiquity–late antiquitylegible, stage 3: England — late 14th–15th centurieslegislation, stage 3: France — 1372–1374 French recordlegislation, stage 4: England — 1606 English reportlesson, stage 3: England — 13th-century English recordliufs, stage 4: Ravenna — early-6th-century Codex Argenteuslogic, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCElogic, stage 3: Latin and medieval French scholarship — antiquity–12th centurylord, stage 2: Medieval England — hlāford to loverdlove, stage 1: Pontic–Caspian horizon — Proto-Indo-European prehistorylove, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English period; English record before 12th c.male, stage 1: Roman linguistic world — mās to masculusmale, stage 2: France and England — masle to maleman, stage 3: Early and medieval England — Old English mann to Middle English mannescience, stage 3: England — 1612 English recordomniscient, stage 3: England — 1598 English recordperson, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — Latin persōnaperson, stage 3: France and England — personeprescient, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityprescient, stage 3: France — 15th-century French recordprescient, stage 4: England — 1620s English recordprologue, stage 2: Ancient Greek theatre — Ancient Greek recordprologue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latinprologue, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th–15th centuriesproverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin proverbiumqajaq, stage 2: Greenlandic qajaq terminology — 1987 terminology record–todayquarantine, stage 1: Dubrovnik / Ragusa — 1377 thirty-day trentino lawrealm, stage 3: France and England — Old French reiame to Middle English realmeregal, stage 3: France and England — Old French or Anglo-French transmissionregular, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerregulate, stage 3: England — Middle English regulaterich, stage 3: England — Old English rīcerich, stage 4: France and England — Old French riche and Middle English richeright, stage 3: England — Old English riht to Middle English rightrobot, stage 2: Prague — 1920 R.U.R. coinagerobot, stage 3: English-language R.U.R. translation and print — 1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionroyal, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialrule, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulerí, stage 3: Ireland — Old Irish rí and ríg, 8th–10th centuriessalary, stage 2: Roman world — imperial periodsalary, stage 3: Medieval France — 12th–13th c.salary, stage 4: England — 13th c. first-known-use horizonsalt, stage 2: Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Europe — approximately 450–1150salt, stage 3: England — before the 12th centuryselect, stage 2: England — 1565 adjective horizonselect, stage 3: England — 1566 verb horizonsincere, stage 1: Roman world — antiquitysincere, stage 2: France — 15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474sincere, stage 3: England — 1533 first-known-use horizontapu, stage 2: Aotearoa New Zealand Māori record — 1872 corpus example–todaytea, stage 2: Xiamen, Fujian — Southern Min contact eratea, stage 4: England — 1655 onwardten, stage 3: England — recorded before the 12th centurytree, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English treetroth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trouthtruce, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English plural trewestrue, stage 3: England — Old English trēowe to Middle English trewetrust, stage 3: Scandinavian linguistic horizon — Old Norse traust or a related Scandinavian sourcetrust, stage 4: England — Middle English trustetruth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trewtheverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin verbumverb, stage 3: Anglo-French Britain — Latin-to-French-to-English transmissionverbal, stage 1: Late Latin learned tradition — verbalis from verbum plus -alisverbal, stage 2: England — 15th-century English recordverbatim, stage 1: Roman world — Latin verbum and word-for-word phraseswife, stage 2: Medieval England — wīf to wifwoman, stage 2: Medieval England — wīfman to wommanword, stage 3: England — Old English record before the 12th centuryçay, stage 3: Turkey Turkish record — 2023 dictionary edition–todayétymologie, stage 1: Ancient Greek learned tradition — Hellenistic and later Greekétymologie, stage 2: Latin grammatical tradition — antiquity–medieval Europeétymologie, stage 3: Old French textual record — c. 1175–1188étymologie, stage 4: French technical specialization — 1529–1756étymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsétymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useétymon, stage 3: French lexicographic record — 1892μυς, stage 4: Modern Greece — current anatomical usageчай, stage 3: Russian-language record — Vasmer dictionary recordստոյգ, stage 3: Historical Armenian lexicography — 19th-century dictionaries–todayچای, stage 3: Persian-language record — Dehkhoda lexicographic record–todayἐτήτυμος, stage 3: Ancient Greek poetic usage — Archaic–Classical recordἔτυμος, stage 3: Later Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman-period records
REGIONAL PLACEMENTAPPROXIMATE / RECONSTRUCTED REGIONGLOBAL OR UNLOCATED — NO SINGLE PIN

This is not a GPS trace. Lines appear only when adjacent stages in one selected route both have defensible points. A global stage is not pinned even when a legacy coordinate names the route’s point of departure. Missing locations break the line.

02

ROUTE-BY-ROUTE SEQUENCE TIMELINES

214 MATCHING WORD JOURNEYS

PAGE 9 / 27
197

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fjende

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
7STAGES0HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The deepest route is a comparative proposal, not a word recovered at one archaeological site.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-branch evidence places the hate verb and enemy formation before the written Germanic traditions.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    fiende known since 1100–1300NO SINGLE PIN

    Old Danish textual horizon

    Gammeldansk Ordbog supplies the broad Danish record without one exposed earliest witness.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    1695–1742 printed records and form variationNO SINGLE PIN

    Early-modern Danish textual world

    ODS and Holbergordbog expose fienden, Fiende, Fiænde, Finde, Fînde, Fiend, and competing syllable patterns.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    1988–1992 dated examplesNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern Danish corpus

    DDO documents personal, political, and figurative enemy uses in dated modern examples.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    dictionary state through 2026NO SINGLE PIN

    Current Danish

    Current grammar, two pronunciations, derivatives, compounds, and sense distinctions remain public in DDO.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before one social scene or emotion is declared the recoverable origin of every later enemy use.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
199

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fjá

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The deepest route is a comparative linguistic proposal, not a word recovered at one archaeological site.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    reconstructed *fi(j)ēn-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-branch evidence places the hate verb before the separate written Germanic traditions.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    early fía into poetic fjáNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse linguistic horizon

    The lexical sources preserve an early form and later headword without one dated transition or point of origin.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Hýmiskviða 22: goð fjáNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse poetic transmission

    The active verb occurs in a normalized Eddic verse about the world-serpent that hates the gods; no manuscript coordinate is manufactured.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    Lokasenna 35: mangi fíárNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse poetic transmission

    The finite form appears in a normalized verse meaning that no one hates the son; the record is not converted into a false first-use date.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    Skírnismál 33: Freyr fiáskNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse poetic transmission

    The reflexive form appears in a normalized curse stanza; active and reflexive grammar remain visible without inventing separate origins.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    zero ONP prose citations and three Lexicon Poeticum recordsNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse lexical boundary

    The reviewed public tools expose a poetic-only lemma and a tiny concordance record, but do not identify one exact extinction event.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before hate, hostility, persecution, enmity, harm, or blame is declared the one certain prehistoric essence.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
196

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fjándi

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
7STAGES0HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    Kroonen’s deeper route is a comparative linguistic proposal, not a word recovered at one archaeological site.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-branch evidence places the hate verb and lexicalized enemy formation before the separate written Germanic traditions.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    source-reported 960–961 enemy recordsNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse poetic world

    Lexicon Poeticum places fjándi in tenth-century poetry as an ordinary enemy noun, while warning that dates require checking.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    enemy to fiend and DevilNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse Christian textual world

    Historical and corpus dictionaries document the inherited enemy noun’s demonic branches after Christianization without locating one coinage event.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    222 citations across six sensesNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse prose corpus

    ONP’s structured entry preserves enemy, demon, evil-spirit, pagan-god, Satan, and derogatory uses as a semantic network.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    Icelandic fjandi, Swedish fiende, and Danish fjendeNO SINGLE PIN

    Later North Germanic continuation

    The inherited noun continues with different branch-specific semantic centers; no daughter language is treated as the original.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before enemy, hater, Devil, demon, pagan god, or hated object is declared the one certain prehistoric essence.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
210

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

friend

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *prī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European comparative horizon

    American Heritage places the Germanic friend and free family under a reconstructed Indo-European root. This is not one archaeological site, written token, or recoverable friendship institution.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *frī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The like, love, or friendly base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence; no Proto-Germanic speaker, homeland point, or manuscript token is claimed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    *frijōnd-NO SINGLE PIN

    Germanic participial-formation horizon

    The loving-one agent formation predates the daughter-language records, but its exact lexicalization moment and inflectional shape remain reconstructed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    frēond, frīond, friand, and inflected formsNO SINGLE PIN

    Old English textual record

    OED and Bosworth–Toller document dialectal and inflectional variation across Old English texts without reducing the language to one birthplace.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    frẹ̄nd and a wide spelling fieldNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle English textual record

    MED records forms including friend, frend, freond, frind, vrend, and many others across companion, ally, relation, and address senses.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    friend and competing spellingsNO SINGLE PIN

    Early modern English print continuum

    OED records continuing variation while the current friend spelling and short-vowel pronunciation become conventional. The process is not assigned to one city or year.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    friend across interpersonal and specialized sensesNO SINGLE PIN

    Global contemporary English

    OED includes companion, ally, supporter, Quaker, climbing device, and social-network contact. Contemporary English is distributed and not reduced to one map point.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the proposed *prī- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The route stops before love, freedom, friendship, peace, kinship, and social membership are merged into one prehistoric origin myth.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
213

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

frændi

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
7STAGES0HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *prī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European comparative horizon

    American Heritage places the shared Germanic friend and free family under a reconstructed Indo-European root. This is not a written token, recoverable institution, or single archaeological coordinate.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *frī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The like, love, or friendly base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence; no Proto-Germanic speaker, homeland point, or written occurrence is claimed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    *frijōnd-NO SINGLE PIN

    Germanic participial-formation horizon

    The loving-agent formation predates the daughter-language records, but its exact lexicalization moment and full paradigm remain reconstructed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    frændi / editorial frǽndiNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse textual world

    ONP documents friend, foster-brother or companion, relative or son, parents, and ancestor uses across the Old Norse prose record without reducing the language to one birthplace.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    circa 1200–1400NO SINGLE PIN

    Medieval Icelandic manuscript witnesses

    ONP links dated Icelandic manuscripts and edited citations for friend, kin, inheritance, and ancestor contexts. The witnesses locate textual survival, not the word’s origin.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    Danish frænde and Swedish frändeNO SINGLE PIN

    Later Scandinavian continuation

    The inherited formation continues in relation or kinsman words while English, German, and Dutch cognates center friend. No branch is treated as semantically original by default.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    beyond the proposed *prī- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The trail ends before love, friendship, kinship, freedom, alliance, or ritual brotherhood is promoted as the one recoverable prehistoric essence.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
214

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

frēond

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
6STAGES0HONEST PINS6NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *prī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European comparative horizon

    American Heritage places the shared Germanic friend and free family under a proposed Indo-European root. This is not a written token, recoverable institution, or single archaeological point.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *frī-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The like, love, or friendly base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence. No Proto-Germanic speaker, homeland point, or written occurrence is claimed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    *frijōnd-NO SINGLE PIN

    Germanic participial-formation horizon

    The loving-agent formation predates the daughter-language records, but its exact lexicalization moment and full paradigm remain reconstructed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    frēond, frīond, frīand, frend, and inflected formsNO SINGLE PIN

    Old English textual record

    OED and Bosworth–Toller document dialect, mutation, inflection, companion, ally, relation, patron, and friend-versus-foe evidence across Old English sources.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, folio 152rNO SINGLE PIN

    England, copying place unresolved

    The directly inspected Beowulf folio visibly preserves freondum at verse 1018. The manuscript locates textual survival, not the origin of the word or a single birthplace for its senses.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    beyond the proposed *prī- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The trail ends before love, freedom, friendship, kinship, alliance, or social membership is promoted as one recoverable prehistoric essence.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
187

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fēogan

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
5STAGES0HONEST PINS5NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A deeper harm, blame, suffering, or hate comparison is published, but its exact formation and semantic unity remain proposed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    reconstructed *fi(j)ēn-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Germanic branches preserve related hate verbs, but the displayed form is comparative reconstruction.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    fēogan, fiógan, feón, and fiónNO SINGLE PIN

    Old English-speaking England

    The dictionary paradigm and examples preserve a native hate-or-persecute verb across spelling, contraction, and inflectional variation.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    poetic and Psalm examplesNO SINGLE PIN

    Old English written record, witness locations unresolved

    Bosworth–Toller locates ten edited occurrences, but this dossier did not inspect their manuscript objects or reduce their copying histories to one route.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    later verb continuation and deeper ancestry unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The reviewed trail stops after the Old English verb record and qualified prehistory. The noun family’s later survival does not silently become a continued history of the verb.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
186

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fēond

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A deeper harm, blame, suffering, or hate comparison is published, but its exact formation and semantic unity remain proposed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Germanic branches preserve both the hate verb and lexicalized present-participial enemy noun. The asterisked forms are comparative reconstructions.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    fēond, fīond, fīend, and fȳndNO SINGLE PIN

    Old English-speaking England

    Dialect and inflection create multiple Old English vowels and plural patterns without creating separate enemy lexemes.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, folio 180vNO SINGLE PIN

    England, copying place unresolved

    The directly inspected Beowulf folio visibly preserves feondes fotlast. The reviewed sources identify the unique manuscript but do not reduce its copying place to one secure coordinate.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    fẹ̄nd and extensive spelling variationNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle English written record

    The Middle English Dictionary records 188 quotations across enemy, Devil, demon, possession, monster, and related senses, while OED documents inherited and remodeled plurals.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    fend, feend, feinde, and fiendNO SINGLE PIN

    Early Modern English record

    OED records competing long and short vowel pronunciations and extensive spelling variation before the long vowel becomes dominant by the eighteenth century.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    modern fiendNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    The literal enemy or foe sense is obsolete, while Devil, demon, wicked-person, harmful-thing, and later figurative uses continue in English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    No single hater, enemy, Devil, adversary, harm, blame, suffering, or hostility origin is promoted beyond the qualified route.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
03

WHAT THIS MAP CAN AND CANNOT CLAIM

GEOGRAPHIC HONESTY IS PART OF THE DATA.

REGIONAL

A defensible cultural or linguistic region can be plotted, but the point summarizes an area rather than an exact address.

APPROXIMATE

A reconstructed homeland or contact zone is placed only as a broad visual orientation and uses a distinct dashed marker.

BROAD / GLOBAL

A distributed network, era, or world language has no honest single coordinate. It remains in the sequence and off the map.

TIME BOUNDS

Directly cited stages may carry exact, range, century, circa, open, or before bounds. Unbounded prose stays unparsed.

SOURCE FRONTIER

959 stages have claim-level citations and 578 have defensible numeric bounds. Every uncited or unbounded stage remains visible unfinished work.