*SET-U

THE JOURNEY ATLAS

TIMELINE ATLAS ↗

MAP THE ROUTE / KEEP THE LIMIT

PLACE → PERIOD → TRANSFORMATION

WORDS HAVE
ADDRESSES.

Trace where a word’s reviewed history passed through—and see every broad, global, or uncertain stage that cannot honestly be reduced to one point.

THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTRACT

A ROUTE IS A MODEL.
NOT A GPS TRACE.

Regional pins locate reviewed cultural stages. Approximate pins locate broad reconstructed or contact regions. Global stages stay unpinned. Every route preserves its full editorial sequence; only directly cited, explicitly bounded stages also enter the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

959REVIEWED ROUTE STAGES

Ordered inside 214 complete dossier journeys.

230HONEST MAP POINTS

231 coordinate pairs exist; global placements are suppressed.

729NO SINGLE PIN

Broad, global, uncertain, or not honestly reducible to one point.

959DIRECTLY CITED STAGES

1324 claim-level citations; every remaining stage is a frontier task.

578NUMERIC TIME BOUNDS

Source-backed stages now join the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

381TIME BOUNDS WITHHELD

Historic labels remain readable without being parsed into false years.

00

FILTER THE ROUTE ARCHIVE

WHERE DID THE WORD GO?

214 ROUTES / 959 MATCHING STAGES

Filters select complete word journeys when any stage matches. The map and route card then preserve the surrounding stages, so a search result never becomes a historically amputated dot.

01

THE REVIEWED GEOGRAPHIC LAYER

WORDS DO NOT MOVE IN STRAIGHT LINES.

230 PLOTTED STAGES
230 plotted stages in matching word journeys-logy, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic record — -logiā, logos, and legein-logy, stage 3: Northern France — Old French -logie-logy, stage 4: England — Middle English -logieadverb, stage 2: Roman grammatical tradition — Latin adverbiumadverb, stage 3: France and England — Middle French to Middle Englishaguacate, stage 1: Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico — 1571 Molina recordalgebra, stage 1: Baghdad — c. 825algebra, stage 2: Iberian and Latin translation worlds — 12th centuryalgebra, stage 3: England — 1551algorism, stage 1: Khwārizmian name horizon — approximately 780–850algorism, stage 2: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th centuryalgorism, stage 3: France and England — 13th–14th centuriesalgorism, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th centuryalgorithm, stage 1: Khwārizm — 8th–9th centuriesalgorithm, stage 2: Baghdad — 9th centuryalgorithm, stage 3: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th–15th centuriesarithmetic, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic world — antiquityarithmetic, stage 2: Latin and medieval French scholarship — 12th–13th centuriesarithmetic, stage 3: Medieval England — circa 1250 English horizonbetroth, stage 3: England — Middle English bi-/be- plus trouthboy, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English boibride, stage 1: Old English language area — Old English brȳdbridegroom, stage 3: Scots and English record — brydegrome in 1525calculate, stage 3: England — 1542 English first-known-use horizoncalculator, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquity and Late Latincalculator, stage 2: Medieval England — 14th-century English recordcalculus, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquitycalculus, stage 3: England — 1666 English recordcandid, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandid, stage 3: France — Middle French, c. 1300–1600candid, stage 4: England and global English — 1597–todaycandidate, stage 1: Roman office-seeking practice — Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedcandidate, stage 2: French candidat and learned circulation — 1284 French record; 1546 public-office sensecandidate, stage 3: England — 1600 English first-known-use horizoncandor, stage 1: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandor, stage 2: France — French transmission, date unresolvedcandor, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordchá, stage 2: Macao and Cantonese maritime contact — 16th centurychá, stage 3: Portuguese-language record — current Infopédia recordclew, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English, before the 12th centuryclew, stage 2: Medieval England — Middle English, c. 1100–1500clue, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — before 1150clue, stage 2: English literature — late 16th c.collect, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitycollect, stage 3: Anglo-French and Middle English — medievalconscience, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscience, stage 3: Medieval France and England — 13th-century English horizonconscious, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscious, stage 3: England — circa 1600 English recorddairy, stage 1: Old English language area — dǣge, female baker or servantdialogue, stage 2: Ancient Greek speech communities — Ancient Greek recorddialogue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latindialogue, stage 4: Medieval England — circa 1200–15th centurydirect, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French directer to Middle English directendisaster, stage 2: Italy — Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolveddisaster, stage 3: France — Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolveddough, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — dāg before the 12th centuryemoticon, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemoticon, stage 3: England — 1579 English emotion recordemotion, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemotion, stage 3: England — 1579 English recordetymological, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1588–1590s source horizonsetymologist, stage 1: Medieval and Early Modern English learned vocabulary — late 14th century–1604etymologist, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1604–1630s source horizonsetymologize, stage 1: Medieval English learned vocabulary — late 14th century onwardetymologize, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1532 transitive horizonetymologize, stage 3: English semantic expansion — 1650s intransitive horizonetymology, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCEetymology, stage 3: Rome and medieval Europe — antiquity–14th c.etymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsetymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useetymon, stage 3: English printed record — 1573feign, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English feynen and feignenfemale, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — fēmina to fēmellafemale, stage 3: France and England — femele to femellefiction, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English ficciounfigure, stage 3: Medieval France and England — figure in the 13th centuryfijan, stage 4: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijan, stage 5: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijan, stage 6: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijan, stage 7: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijan, stage 9: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669fijands, stage 5: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijands, stage 6: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijands, stage 7: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijands, stage 8: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijands, stage 10: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669girl, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English girlehatan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesseshatan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatis, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesshatis, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyhatis, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatis, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatis, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatizōn, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatizōn, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatizōn, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatizōn, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatizōn, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatjan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatjan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatjan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatjan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatjan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatōn, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryheti, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryhospice, stage 3: England — 1818 English lodging horizonhospitality, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquityhospitality, stage 3: France and England — medieval French and English transmissionhostel, stage 2: England — 14th-century English recordhostis, stage 3: Rome — Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimonyhuman, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — homō to hūmānushuman, stage 3: France and England — humainhumble, stage 3: Medieval England and Anglo-French contact — humble in the 13th centuryhumiliate, stage 3: England — circa 1534 English recordhumiliation, stage 3: Northern France — Middle French before 1449–1495humiliation, stage 4: England — late 14th-century Middle Englishhumility, stage 3: Northern France — later 10th century–1400 Old Frenchhumility, stage 4: England — 14th-century Middle English and Englishhusband, stage 3: Medieval England — hūsbōnda to husbondehōti, stage 6: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryicon, stage 1: Greek and Roman linguistic worlds — antiquity–Late Latinicon, stage 2: England — 1572 English recordicon, stage 3: Eastern Christian and English religious discourse — 1833–todayintellect, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquityintellect, stage 2: Medieval France — Old French transmission, c. 800–1400intellect, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordintelligence, stage 2: Roman world — antiquityintelligence, stage 3: France and England — 14th centuryintelligent, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityintelligent, stage 3: England — circa 1540 English recordkapu, stage 2: Hawaiian-language record — 1836 dictionary record–todaykayık, stage 3: Modern Turkish kayık — 2023 dictionary record–todaylady, stage 2: Medieval England — hlǣfdige to ladylaw, stage 2: Scandinavia and the Old Norse world — approximately 700–1500law, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 2: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 3: Middle English England — approximately 1150–1500lecture, stage 2: Roman and medieval scholarly worlds — antiquity–medievallecture, stage 3: England — 15th centurylegal, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitylegal, stage 3: Anglo-French England — medievallegend, stage 2: Medieval Latin Christendom — medievallegend, stage 3: England — c. 1500legible, stage 2: Roman and Late Latin world — Latin antiquity–late antiquitylegible, stage 3: England — late 14th–15th centurieslegislation, stage 3: France — 1372–1374 French recordlegislation, stage 4: England — 1606 English reportlesson, stage 3: England — 13th-century English recordliufs, stage 4: Ravenna — early-6th-century Codex Argenteuslogic, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCElogic, stage 3: Latin and medieval French scholarship — antiquity–12th centurylord, stage 2: Medieval England — hlāford to loverdlove, stage 1: Pontic–Caspian horizon — Proto-Indo-European prehistorylove, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English period; English record before 12th c.male, stage 1: Roman linguistic world — mās to masculusmale, stage 2: France and England — masle to maleman, stage 3: Early and medieval England — Old English mann to Middle English mannescience, stage 3: England — 1612 English recordomniscient, stage 3: England — 1598 English recordperson, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — Latin persōnaperson, stage 3: France and England — personeprescient, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityprescient, stage 3: France — 15th-century French recordprescient, stage 4: England — 1620s English recordprologue, stage 2: Ancient Greek theatre — Ancient Greek recordprologue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latinprologue, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th–15th centuriesproverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin proverbiumqajaq, stage 2: Greenlandic qajaq terminology — 1987 terminology record–todayquarantine, stage 1: Dubrovnik / Ragusa — 1377 thirty-day trentino lawrealm, stage 3: France and England — Old French reiame to Middle English realmeregal, stage 3: France and England — Old French or Anglo-French transmissionregular, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerregulate, stage 3: England — Middle English regulaterich, stage 3: England — Old English rīcerich, stage 4: France and England — Old French riche and Middle English richeright, stage 3: England — Old English riht to Middle English rightrobot, stage 2: Prague — 1920 R.U.R. coinagerobot, stage 3: English-language R.U.R. translation and print — 1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionroyal, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialrule, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulerí, stage 3: Ireland — Old Irish rí and ríg, 8th–10th centuriessalary, stage 2: Roman world — imperial periodsalary, stage 3: Medieval France — 12th–13th c.salary, stage 4: England — 13th c. first-known-use horizonsalt, stage 2: Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Europe — approximately 450–1150salt, stage 3: England — before the 12th centuryselect, stage 2: England — 1565 adjective horizonselect, stage 3: England — 1566 verb horizonsincere, stage 1: Roman world — antiquitysincere, stage 2: France — 15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474sincere, stage 3: England — 1533 first-known-use horizontapu, stage 2: Aotearoa New Zealand Māori record — 1872 corpus example–todaytea, stage 2: Xiamen, Fujian — Southern Min contact eratea, stage 4: England — 1655 onwardten, stage 3: England — recorded before the 12th centurytree, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English treetroth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trouthtruce, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English plural trewestrue, stage 3: England — Old English trēowe to Middle English trewetrust, stage 3: Scandinavian linguistic horizon — Old Norse traust or a related Scandinavian sourcetrust, stage 4: England — Middle English trustetruth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trewtheverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin verbumverb, stage 3: Anglo-French Britain — Latin-to-French-to-English transmissionverbal, stage 1: Late Latin learned tradition — verbalis from verbum plus -alisverbal, stage 2: England — 15th-century English recordverbatim, stage 1: Roman world — Latin verbum and word-for-word phraseswife, stage 2: Medieval England — wīf to wifwoman, stage 2: Medieval England — wīfman to wommanword, stage 3: England — Old English record before the 12th centuryçay, stage 3: Turkey Turkish record — 2023 dictionary edition–todayétymologie, stage 1: Ancient Greek learned tradition — Hellenistic and later Greekétymologie, stage 2: Latin grammatical tradition — antiquity–medieval Europeétymologie, stage 3: Old French textual record — c. 1175–1188étymologie, stage 4: French technical specialization — 1529–1756étymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsétymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useétymon, stage 3: French lexicographic record — 1892μυς, stage 4: Modern Greece — current anatomical usageчай, stage 3: Russian-language record — Vasmer dictionary recordստոյգ, stage 3: Historical Armenian lexicography — 19th-century dictionaries–todayچای, stage 3: Persian-language record — Dehkhoda lexicographic record–todayἐτήτυμος, stage 3: Ancient Greek poetic usage — Archaic–Classical recordἔτυμος, stage 3: Later Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman-period records
REGIONAL PLACEMENTAPPROXIMATE / RECONSTRUCTED REGIONGLOBAL OR UNLOCATED — NO SINGLE PIN

This is not a GPS trace. Lines appear only when adjacent stages in one selected route both have defensible points. A global stage is not pinned even when a legacy coordinate names the route’s point of departure. Missing locations break the line.

02

ROUTE-BY-ROUTE SEQUENCE TIMELINES

214 MATCHING WORD JOURNEYS

PAGE 10 / 27
195

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fīant

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
7STAGES0HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    Kroonen's deeper route is a comparative linguistic proposal, not a word recovered at one archaeological site.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-branch evidence places the hate verb and lexicalized enemy formation before the separate written Germanic traditions.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    fīant and fījant reported from the eighth centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German textual world

    DWDS/Pfeifer supplies a century-level headword horizon; AWB documents the later corpus in extensive detail.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    fiiant in T 72,2, 76,4, and 196,8NO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German Tatian tradition

    The Tatian records show ordinary enemy, parable enemy, Devil interpretation, and plural enemies. The text tradition is not reduced to a single manuscript-production coordinate.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    fîant uuesan, fîant mahhôn, and zi fîante tuonNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German formulaic record

    AWB groups fixed phrases in which the old participial character may still shine through. They span multiple works and are not one innovation event.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    Middle High German vîant to modern German FeindNO SINGLE PIN

    High German semantic continuation

    The inherited enemy noun continues while the specific Old High German fixed formulas are not projected unchanged into every later stage.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before enemy, hater, hostility, Devil, or harm is declared the one certain prehistoric essence.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
205

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fīunt

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The deepest route is a comparative linguistic proposal, not a word recovered at one archaeological site.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-branch evidence places the hate verb and enemy-agent formation before the separate written Germanic traditions.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Wachtendonck Psalms material, linguistically dated 901–1000NO SINGLE PIN

    South Lower Rhine Old Dutch record

    ONW locates the records in the South Lower Rhine while labeling their surviving copies 1595–1605, circa 1598, or 1701–1800. The dossier preserves both clocks.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    three Leiden Willeram records, circa 1100NO SINGLE PIN

    Egmond, Holland

    The displayed uiande, uiandan, and uiende records show later Old Dutch nominal continuation in three separate clauses.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    fiundum in a psalm gloss, 1151–1175NO SINGLE PIN

    Groningen

    ONW displays the record in the article but explicitly says the Groningen psalm glosses are counted as Old Frisian. The map preserves the classification boundary.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    uiande and viannden, 1151–1200NO SINGLE PIN

    Werden, Essen?

    Two Middle Franconian rhymed-text recensions continue the noun. ONW prints the localization with a question mark, so the coordinate remains unresolved.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    Middle Dutch viant or vient to modern vijandNO SINGLE PIN

    Dutch-language continuum

    The noun continues after the Old Dutch record while the corresponding inherited hate verb remains absent from known Dutch history.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before enemy, hater, hatred, Devil, harm, blame, or suffering is declared the one certain prehistoric essence.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
198

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

fīēn

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
6STAGES0HONEST PINS6NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    proposed *peh₁- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The deepest route is a comparative linguistic proposal, not a word recovered at one archaeological site.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    reconstructed *fi(j)ēn-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-branch evidence places the hate verb before the separate written Germanic traditions.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    eighth-century fîên recordsNO SINGLE PIN

    Alemannic manuscript world

    AWB says the verb occurs only in Alemannic manuscripts of the eighth and ninth centuries; individual records are not converted into invented modern coordinates.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    ninth-century fîên recordsNO SINGLE PIN

    Alemannic manuscript world

    Infinitive, present-participle, preterite, and past-participle records remain visible within the same bounded Alemannic evidence pocket.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    no securely identified continuation after the reviewed pocketNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German lexical boundary

    The reviewed source does not establish one exact extinction event, last speaker, or later High German descendant of this verb.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    beyond the proposed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before hate, hostility, rejection, harm, or blame is declared the one certain prehistoric essence.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
150

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

girl

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Middle English girleregional placement

    Medieval England

    The word denotes a child or young person, sometimes explicitly a boy.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    girl, 14th centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    English-speaking world

    The female-child sense is recorded and becomes dominant.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    modern girlNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Female child and young-woman senses spread globally.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    origin unknownNO SINGLE PIN

    Beyond secure reconstruction

    The trail stops before competing Old English proposals.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
023

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

guest

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES0HONEST PINS4NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Proto-Indo-European prehistoryNO SINGLE PIN

    Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities

    The reconstructed *ghos-ti- family denotes an outsider, stranger, guest, or host under reciprocal duties. Merriam-Webster cautions that the etymon is limited to three western Indo-European branches.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Proto-Germanic prehistoryNO SINGLE PIN

    Germanic-speaking northern Europe

    Germanic *gasti- / *gastiz preserves guest and stranger senses across Germanic reflexes, forming the inherited branch behind Old and Middle English guest.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Old English inheritance; 13th c. first-known-use horizonNO SINGLE PIN

    Old and Middle English guest forms

    Old English giest / gyst / gest / gæst continues into Middle English gest / gyst / gust / gist; Old Norse gestr may partly reinforce the initial g.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    13th c. core noun onward; later extensionsNO SINGLE PIN

    English-language guest senses

    The hospitality recipient remains the core English guest, with later customer, program, performance, biological, and material-science extensions.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
056

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hammock

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
3STAGES0HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Taíno hamacaNO SINGLE PIN

    Taíno-speaking Caribbean

    The RAE identifies the Indigenous Caribbean source form.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Spanish hamacaNO SINGLE PIN

    Spanish-speaking Atlantic world

    Spanish transmitted the Taíno word into the European lexical route that reached English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    1626 suspended-bed recordNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Merriam-Webster reports 1626 for the English suspended-bed sense.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
192

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hassen

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
7STAGES0HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *ḱeh₂d- and *ḱh₂d-es-NO SINGLE PIN

    Disputed Indo-European comparative horizon

    The formal comparison reaches beyond Germanic, but it does not recover one place, one act, one emotion, or one directly spoken word.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan beside *hatiz-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Comparative Germanic forms support a verb family beside the hate noun base while exact formation, ablaut, and semantic direction remain analytical.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn and reported pursuit glossesNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German textual world

    Duden publishes the variants; DWB reports Graff forms aligned with following or pursuing. No primary object was directly inspected for this stage.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    haʒʒen across feeling and persecution contextsNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle High German textual world

    BMZ and Lexer document the weak verb; DWB reports Behaim passages aligned with persecution as well as the later hostile-disposition center.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    hassen and hasz in dated examplesNO SINGLE PIN

    Early New High German print record

    DWB reports printed examples including Agricola in 1560, showing continuity into the early modern period without one fixed intensity or spelling.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    hassen as hatred and strong aversionNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern German usage

    Duden separates person-directed hatred from strong aversion toward things and actions; DWDS supplies modern literary usage. The record is linguistic, not one geographic point.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    beyond the disputed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before pursuit, persecution, hostile feeling, grief, care, pain, or hatred is declared the one prehistoric essence.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
200

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hata

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    qualified *ḱeh₂d- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The deepest displayed route is a comparative proposal whose semantic members remain disputed.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan beside *hatiz-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Orel's Gothic, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old Norse, and Old High German set supports a shared verb family while leaving reconstruction detail open.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Holm perg 15 4° folio 89v, c1200NO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse homily manuscript tradition

    A directly inspected leaf writes hata in a command that contrasts love with hating no person. The scan establishes a textual object, not one geographic birthplace.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    persecution and reciprocal hostilityNO SINGLE PIN

    Thirteenth-century Old Norse prose traditions

    Páls saga postula and Morkinskinna records show the verb in pursuit and hostile middle-voice constructions.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    damage, destruction, haters, and gold imageryNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Norse poetic transmission

    Lexicon Poeticum exposes multiple poetic constructions and dates while warning that its concordance has not been reviewed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    rejection, humiliation, and ordinary hateNO SINGLE PIN

    Late-medieval and early-modern textual transmission

    ONP citations preserve contempt for gold, humiliation with insults, and many love-versus-hate contexts across later witnesses.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    101 ONP prose citations and an unreviewed poetic concordanceNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern research boundary

    The corpus architecture makes action, contempt, humiliation, feeling, participles, and reciprocal hostility inspectable without pretending the surviving records equal all historical usage.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the qualified Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before pursuit, rejection, humiliation, destruction, feeling, grief, care, or pain becomes one certain original essence.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
03

WHAT THIS MAP CAN AND CANNOT CLAIM

GEOGRAPHIC HONESTY IS PART OF THE DATA.

REGIONAL

A defensible cultural or linguistic region can be plotted, but the point summarizes an area rather than an exact address.

APPROXIMATE

A reconstructed homeland or contact zone is placed only as a broad visual orientation and uses a distinct dashed marker.

BROAD / GLOBAL

A distributed network, era, or world language has no honest single coordinate. It remains in the sequence and off the map.

TIME BOUNDS

Directly cited stages may carry exact, range, century, circa, open, or before bounds. Unbounded prose stays unparsed.

SOURCE FRONTIER

959 stages have claim-level citations and 578 have defensible numeric bounds. Every uncited or unbounded stage remains visible unfinished work.