*SET-U

PERMANENT JOURNEY RECORD / 806

COMPLETE ROUTE ↗
STAGE 02uncertainNO SINGLE PIN

*fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-

Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

fiende DOSSIER ↗
THE REVIEWED ROUTE CLAIM

The hate verb and lexicalized participial enemy noun are comparative reconstructions shared across Germanic branches.

COORDINATES STORED
NO
HONEST TO PLOT
NO
PLACEMENT MODE
uncertain
TIME PRECISION
range
NUMERIC TIME BOUND
YES
CLAIM CITATIONS
3
THE TEMPORAL CLAIM

THIS STAGE ENTERS THE TIMELINE.

Comparative bounds, not directly dated spoken tokens or a single geographic point.

PLACE IN GLOBAL CHRONOLOGY ↗
DIRECT STAGE-LEVEL PROVENANCE

AUDIT THE ROUTE CLAIM.

Every source below identifies its exact stance, locator, and evidentiary contribution.

  1. supports

    Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-

    Publishes the reconstructed Germanic verb and agent noun.

    p. 140, *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-AUDIT SOURCE ↗
  2. context

    On the syntax of the Agent nouns in Gothic: the case of nd-formations

    Documents the inherited formation and category overlap.

    pp. 47–49, lexicalization of the nd-formationAUDIT SOURCE ↗
  3. context

    Svenska Akademiens ordbok — FIENDE

    Supplies the Swedish-centered cognate and hate-verb comparison.

    Etymology and Germanic comparative setAUDIT SOURCE ↗