*SET-U

THE JOURNEY ATLAS

TIMELINE ATLAS ↗

MAP THE ROUTE / KEEP THE LIMIT

PLACE → PERIOD → TRANSFORMATION

WORDS HAVE
ADDRESSES.

Trace where a word’s reviewed history passed through—and see every broad, global, or uncertain stage that cannot honestly be reduced to one point.

THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTRACT

A ROUTE IS A MODEL.
NOT A GPS TRACE.

Regional pins locate reviewed cultural stages. Approximate pins locate broad reconstructed or contact regions. Global stages stay unpinned. Every route preserves its full editorial sequence; only directly cited, explicitly bounded stages also enter the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

959REVIEWED ROUTE STAGES

Ordered inside 214 complete dossier journeys.

230HONEST MAP POINTS

231 coordinate pairs exist; global placements are suppressed.

729NO SINGLE PIN

Broad, global, uncertain, or not honestly reducible to one point.

959DIRECTLY CITED STAGES

1324 claim-level citations; every remaining stage is a frontier task.

578NUMERIC TIME BOUNDS

Source-backed stages now join the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

381TIME BOUNDS WITHHELD

Historic labels remain readable without being parsed into false years.

00

FILTER THE ROUTE ARCHIVE

WHERE DID THE WORD GO?

214 ROUTES / 959 MATCHING STAGES

Filters select complete word journeys when any stage matches. The map and route card then preserve the surrounding stages, so a search result never becomes a historically amputated dot.

01

THE REVIEWED GEOGRAPHIC LAYER

WORDS DO NOT MOVE IN STRAIGHT LINES.

230 PLOTTED STAGES
230 plotted stages in matching word journeys-logy, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic record — -logiā, logos, and legein-logy, stage 3: Northern France — Old French -logie-logy, stage 4: England — Middle English -logieadverb, stage 2: Roman grammatical tradition — Latin adverbiumadverb, stage 3: France and England — Middle French to Middle Englishaguacate, stage 1: Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico — 1571 Molina recordalgebra, stage 1: Baghdad — c. 825algebra, stage 2: Iberian and Latin translation worlds — 12th centuryalgebra, stage 3: England — 1551algorism, stage 1: Khwārizmian name horizon — approximately 780–850algorism, stage 2: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th centuryalgorism, stage 3: France and England — 13th–14th centuriesalgorism, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th centuryalgorithm, stage 1: Khwārizm — 8th–9th centuriesalgorithm, stage 2: Baghdad — 9th centuryalgorithm, stage 3: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th–15th centuriesarithmetic, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic world — antiquityarithmetic, stage 2: Latin and medieval French scholarship — 12th–13th centuriesarithmetic, stage 3: Medieval England — circa 1250 English horizonbetroth, stage 3: England — Middle English bi-/be- plus trouthboy, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English boibride, stage 1: Old English language area — Old English brȳdbridegroom, stage 3: Scots and English record — brydegrome in 1525calculate, stage 3: England — 1542 English first-known-use horizoncalculator, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquity and Late Latincalculator, stage 2: Medieval England — 14th-century English recordcalculus, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquitycalculus, stage 3: England — 1666 English recordcandid, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandid, stage 3: France — Middle French, c. 1300–1600candid, stage 4: England and global English — 1597–todaycandidate, stage 1: Roman office-seeking practice — Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedcandidate, stage 2: French candidat and learned circulation — 1284 French record; 1546 public-office sensecandidate, stage 3: England — 1600 English first-known-use horizoncandor, stage 1: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandor, stage 2: France — French transmission, date unresolvedcandor, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordchá, stage 2: Macao and Cantonese maritime contact — 16th centurychá, stage 3: Portuguese-language record — current Infopédia recordclew, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English, before the 12th centuryclew, stage 2: Medieval England — Middle English, c. 1100–1500clue, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — before 1150clue, stage 2: English literature — late 16th c.collect, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitycollect, stage 3: Anglo-French and Middle English — medievalconscience, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscience, stage 3: Medieval France and England — 13th-century English horizonconscious, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscious, stage 3: England — circa 1600 English recorddairy, stage 1: Old English language area — dǣge, female baker or servantdialogue, stage 2: Ancient Greek speech communities — Ancient Greek recorddialogue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latindialogue, stage 4: Medieval England — circa 1200–15th centurydirect, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French directer to Middle English directendisaster, stage 2: Italy — Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolveddisaster, stage 3: France — Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolveddough, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — dāg before the 12th centuryemoticon, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemoticon, stage 3: England — 1579 English emotion recordemotion, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemotion, stage 3: England — 1579 English recordetymological, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1588–1590s source horizonsetymologist, stage 1: Medieval and Early Modern English learned vocabulary — late 14th century–1604etymologist, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1604–1630s source horizonsetymologize, stage 1: Medieval English learned vocabulary — late 14th century onwardetymologize, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1532 transitive horizonetymologize, stage 3: English semantic expansion — 1650s intransitive horizonetymology, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCEetymology, stage 3: Rome and medieval Europe — antiquity–14th c.etymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsetymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useetymon, stage 3: English printed record — 1573feign, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English feynen and feignenfemale, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — fēmina to fēmellafemale, stage 3: France and England — femele to femellefiction, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English ficciounfigure, stage 3: Medieval France and England — figure in the 13th centuryfijan, stage 4: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijan, stage 5: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijan, stage 6: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijan, stage 7: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijan, stage 9: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669fijands, stage 5: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijands, stage 6: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijands, stage 7: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijands, stage 8: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijands, stage 10: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669girl, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English girlehatan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesseshatan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatis, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesshatis, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyhatis, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatis, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatis, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatizōn, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatizōn, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatizōn, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatizōn, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatizōn, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatjan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatjan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatjan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatjan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatjan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatōn, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryheti, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryhospice, stage 3: England — 1818 English lodging horizonhospitality, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquityhospitality, stage 3: France and England — medieval French and English transmissionhostel, stage 2: England — 14th-century English recordhostis, stage 3: Rome — Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimonyhuman, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — homō to hūmānushuman, stage 3: France and England — humainhumble, stage 3: Medieval England and Anglo-French contact — humble in the 13th centuryhumiliate, stage 3: England — circa 1534 English recordhumiliation, stage 3: Northern France — Middle French before 1449–1495humiliation, stage 4: England — late 14th-century Middle Englishhumility, stage 3: Northern France — later 10th century–1400 Old Frenchhumility, stage 4: England — 14th-century Middle English and Englishhusband, stage 3: Medieval England — hūsbōnda to husbondehōti, stage 6: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryicon, stage 1: Greek and Roman linguistic worlds — antiquity–Late Latinicon, stage 2: England — 1572 English recordicon, stage 3: Eastern Christian and English religious discourse — 1833–todayintellect, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquityintellect, stage 2: Medieval France — Old French transmission, c. 800–1400intellect, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordintelligence, stage 2: Roman world — antiquityintelligence, stage 3: France and England — 14th centuryintelligent, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityintelligent, stage 3: England — circa 1540 English recordkapu, stage 2: Hawaiian-language record — 1836 dictionary record–todaykayık, stage 3: Modern Turkish kayık — 2023 dictionary record–todaylady, stage 2: Medieval England — hlǣfdige to ladylaw, stage 2: Scandinavia and the Old Norse world — approximately 700–1500law, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 2: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 3: Middle English England — approximately 1150–1500lecture, stage 2: Roman and medieval scholarly worlds — antiquity–medievallecture, stage 3: England — 15th centurylegal, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitylegal, stage 3: Anglo-French England — medievallegend, stage 2: Medieval Latin Christendom — medievallegend, stage 3: England — c. 1500legible, stage 2: Roman and Late Latin world — Latin antiquity–late antiquitylegible, stage 3: England — late 14th–15th centurieslegislation, stage 3: France — 1372–1374 French recordlegislation, stage 4: England — 1606 English reportlesson, stage 3: England — 13th-century English recordliufs, stage 4: Ravenna — early-6th-century Codex Argenteuslogic, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCElogic, stage 3: Latin and medieval French scholarship — antiquity–12th centurylord, stage 2: Medieval England — hlāford to loverdlove, stage 1: Pontic–Caspian horizon — Proto-Indo-European prehistorylove, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English period; English record before 12th c.male, stage 1: Roman linguistic world — mās to masculusmale, stage 2: France and England — masle to maleman, stage 3: Early and medieval England — Old English mann to Middle English mannescience, stage 3: England — 1612 English recordomniscient, stage 3: England — 1598 English recordperson, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — Latin persōnaperson, stage 3: France and England — personeprescient, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityprescient, stage 3: France — 15th-century French recordprescient, stage 4: England — 1620s English recordprologue, stage 2: Ancient Greek theatre — Ancient Greek recordprologue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latinprologue, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th–15th centuriesproverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin proverbiumqajaq, stage 2: Greenlandic qajaq terminology — 1987 terminology record–todayquarantine, stage 1: Dubrovnik / Ragusa — 1377 thirty-day trentino lawrealm, stage 3: France and England — Old French reiame to Middle English realmeregal, stage 3: France and England — Old French or Anglo-French transmissionregular, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerregulate, stage 3: England — Middle English regulaterich, stage 3: England — Old English rīcerich, stage 4: France and England — Old French riche and Middle English richeright, stage 3: England — Old English riht to Middle English rightrobot, stage 2: Prague — 1920 R.U.R. coinagerobot, stage 3: English-language R.U.R. translation and print — 1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionroyal, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialrule, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulerí, stage 3: Ireland — Old Irish rí and ríg, 8th–10th centuriessalary, stage 2: Roman world — imperial periodsalary, stage 3: Medieval France — 12th–13th c.salary, stage 4: England — 13th c. first-known-use horizonsalt, stage 2: Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Europe — approximately 450–1150salt, stage 3: England — before the 12th centuryselect, stage 2: England — 1565 adjective horizonselect, stage 3: England — 1566 verb horizonsincere, stage 1: Roman world — antiquitysincere, stage 2: France — 15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474sincere, stage 3: England — 1533 first-known-use horizontapu, stage 2: Aotearoa New Zealand Māori record — 1872 corpus example–todaytea, stage 2: Xiamen, Fujian — Southern Min contact eratea, stage 4: England — 1655 onwardten, stage 3: England — recorded before the 12th centurytree, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English treetroth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trouthtruce, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English plural trewestrue, stage 3: England — Old English trēowe to Middle English trewetrust, stage 3: Scandinavian linguistic horizon — Old Norse traust or a related Scandinavian sourcetrust, stage 4: England — Middle English trustetruth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trewtheverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin verbumverb, stage 3: Anglo-French Britain — Latin-to-French-to-English transmissionverbal, stage 1: Late Latin learned tradition — verbalis from verbum plus -alisverbal, stage 2: England — 15th-century English recordverbatim, stage 1: Roman world — Latin verbum and word-for-word phraseswife, stage 2: Medieval England — wīf to wifwoman, stage 2: Medieval England — wīfman to wommanword, stage 3: England — Old English record before the 12th centuryçay, stage 3: Turkey Turkish record — 2023 dictionary edition–todayétymologie, stage 1: Ancient Greek learned tradition — Hellenistic and later Greekétymologie, stage 2: Latin grammatical tradition — antiquity–medieval Europeétymologie, stage 3: Old French textual record — c. 1175–1188étymologie, stage 4: French technical specialization — 1529–1756étymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsétymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useétymon, stage 3: French lexicographic record — 1892μυς, stage 4: Modern Greece — current anatomical usageчай, stage 3: Russian-language record — Vasmer dictionary recordստոյգ, stage 3: Historical Armenian lexicography — 19th-century dictionaries–todayچای, stage 3: Persian-language record — Dehkhoda lexicographic record–todayἐτήτυμος, stage 3: Ancient Greek poetic usage — Archaic–Classical recordἔτυμος, stage 3: Later Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman-period records
REGIONAL PLACEMENTAPPROXIMATE / RECONSTRUCTED REGIONGLOBAL OR UNLOCATED — NO SINGLE PIN

This is not a GPS trace. Lines appear only when adjacent stages in one selected route both have defensible points. A global stage is not pinned even when a legacy coordinate names the route’s point of departure. Missing locations break the line.

02

ROUTE-BY-ROUTE SEQUENCE TIMELINES

214 MATCHING WORD JOURNEYS

PAGE 12 / 27
175

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hatred

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
6STAGES0HONEST PINS6NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *ḱeh₂d- and *ḱh₂d-es-NO SINGLE PIN

    Disputed Indo-European comparative horizon

    A formal comparison has been proposed across Germanic, Italic, Celtic, Greek, and Iranian material, but the semantic unity is expressly unclear and no point homeland is asserted.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *hatiz- and *hatōjan-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The secure comparative family contains a hate or enmity noun and a related verb formation, reconstructed from attested Germanic descendants.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    hete and hatianNO SINGLE PIN

    Old English records

    English records preserve both noun and verb. The later noun hate can be analyzed as direct continuation with remodeling or as a derivative from the verb that replaced hete.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    hate + -rede / -redenNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle English records

    English builds the whole word hatred during the period when the wider X-RÆDEN construction is losing productivity.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    hatredNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    The opaque compound survives after its second component ceases to function as a productive suffix; modern speakers generally parse neither its condition meaning nor its relation to kindred.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    beyond secure Germanic reconstructionNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    Competing stories—care, grief, love, pursuit, persecution, and hatred—remain visible as proposals and disputes rather than being fused into a false origin.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
206

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hatōn

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES1HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    qualified *ḱeh₂d- and *ḱh₂d-es- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The deepest displayed route is a comparative proposal, not a word tied to one archaeological site.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan beside *hatiz-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-Germanic daughter evidence supports the family while reconstruction notation and semantic priority remain unsettled.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    work created circa 830–840; place of poetic origin unknownNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Saxon Heliand textual horizon

    The Heliand supplies three of the dictionary’s four verb loci. A textual horizon is not a claim that every surviving copy was made at the composition place.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryapproximate placement

    Corvey catalog attribution

    The MDZ catalog identifies Corvey and dates the Munich manuscript to the second half of the ninth century. The point represents the catalog attribution, not the birthplace of the lexeme.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    Cotton Caligula A VII, middle or second half of the tenth centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    England, possibly southern England

    Biblissima and the British Library catalog the C witness as an English copy, possibly southern, while the three C readings in this dossier remain source-reported.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    GlG haton aligned with Latin odisseNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Saxon smaller-monument record

    Köbler reports the gloss locus but the reviewed evidence does not securely recover one object date or place.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    hātenNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle Low German linguistic continuum

    Köbler records the later Middle Low German continuation meaning hate or begrudge. The stage is a language continuum rather than one travel event.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the disputed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before hate, pursuit, hater, enemy, grief, care, or pain is declared the one certain prehistoric essence.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
204

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hazzōn

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *ḱeh₂d- and *ḱh₂d-es-NO SINGLE PIN

    Disputed Indo-European comparative horizon

    The formal comparison reaches beyond Germanic, but it does not recover one place, one action, one emotion, or one directly spoken word.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan beside *hatiz-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Comparative Germanic forms support a weak-verb family beside the hate noun base while exact formation, ablaut, and semantic direction remain analytical.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    ēn / ōn double forms as a corpus-wide problemNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German transmission

    Research on the complete attested Old High German ēn-verb corpus finds recurring ōn double forms and identifies the Franconian area as a transition zone. The accessible abstract does not establish hazzōn as one of its twenty repeated examples.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    hazzēn source-reported in the eighth centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German textual world

    Starling prints the ēn citation form with an eighth-century label. This is a database report, not a directly inspected witness or proof of first use.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    hazzōn source-reported in the ninth centuryNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German textual world

    Starling prints the ōn citation form with a ninth-century label. The label bounds the current claim but does not establish the earliest surviving use.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    haʒʒenNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle High German textual world

    Duden and DWB continue the paired Old High German forms into Middle High German haʒʒen. The stage represents a language-period record, not one geographic point.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    hassenNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern German usage

    Modern hassen centers person-directed hatred and strong aversion, while its dictionaries retain the older action history. This stage is linguistic rather than a single point on a map.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the disputed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before pursuit, persecution, hostile feeling, grief, care, pain, or hatred is declared the one prehistoric essence.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
177

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hete

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES0HONEST PINS4NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *hatiz-NO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The reconstructed noun is supported by attested Germanic comparanda; no archaeological point or single tribal speech community is asserted.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    hete and its compoundsNO SINGLE PIN

    Old English textual traditions

    Gospel gloss, poetry, prose, homily, psalm, and biblical translation records preserve the noun and a productive compound family.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    hete beside hate and hatenNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle English lexical transition

    Published dictionaries disagree on whether later hate directly continues hete or was remodeled from the verb and replaced it.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    beyond secure Germanic reconstructionNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The qualified PIE comparison remains visible, but no single grief, care, pursuit, love, or hate origin is promoted.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
207

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

heti

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES1HONEST PINS7NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    qualified *ḱeh₂d- and *ḱh₂d-es- comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Proposed Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The deepest displayed route is a comparative proposal, not a word tied to one archaeological site.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *hatiz- and competing inherited stem analysesNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Cross-Germanic daughter evidence supports the family while the i-stem and es/os-stem descriptions remain visibly distinct.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    work created circa 830–840; place of poetic origin unknownNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Saxon Heliand textual horizon

    Heliand 1322 supplies one lexical occurrence transmitted by three reported manuscript witnesses. A text date is not a manuscript-copy date.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryapproximate placement

    Corvey catalog attribution

    The directly inspected Munich witness visibly preserves heti at Heliand 1322. The point represents the catalog attribution, not the birthplace of the lexeme.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    Cotton C and Vatican V readingsNO SINGLE PIN

    Later Heliand manuscript transmission

    Köbler reports the same Heliand 1322 spelling in C and V, but neither token was directly inspected and no single shared production point is invented.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    dative heti and genitive hetiasNO SINGLE PIN

    Old Saxon Genesis and Saxon Confession records

    The Genesis object remains unresolved here; the Academy source key dates the Saxon Confession to the tenth century. The two records are not treated as one manuscript event.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    hāte and hātNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle Low German linguistic continuum

    Köbler records the later Low German continuation meaning hate or enmity. The stage is a language continuum rather than one travel event.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    beyond the disputed Indo-European comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The graph stops before one stem class, one Heliand clause, or one confession list becomes a certain prehistoric essence.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
179

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hettan

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES0HONEST PINS4NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *xatjananNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    Gothic hatjan, Old English hettan, and Middle High German hetzen support a comparative verb, but no single archaeological point or directly written Proto-Germanic token is claimed.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    hettend(e)NO SINGLE PIN

    Old English textual traditions

    The record is concentrated in enemy or persecutor forms. The located corpus lemmatisation inventory assigns only hettende to hettan, while the historical dictionary gives many hettend forms under “enemy.”

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    hettan reconstructed from recorded formsNO SINGLE PIN

    Historical and corpus lexicography

    Bosworth–Toller, Clark Hall, Orel, and the Nerthus lemmatisation project expose different editorial decisions about the lemma, the participle, and the enemy noun.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    beyond secure Germanic reconstructionNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The qualified PIE comparison remains visible, but no single enemy, pursuit, persecution, grief, care, love, or hate origin is promoted.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
180

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hetzen

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
6STAGES0HONEST PINS6NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *xatjananNO SINGLE PIN

    Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

    The Gothic, Old English, and Middle High German comparison supports a reconstructed verb, not a directly written Proto-Germanic token or single archaeological location.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    *hezzenNO SINGLE PIN

    Old High German reconstruction horizon

    A projected High German bridge is useful for formal continuity but is explicitly starred in Bailey’s data and therefore receives no manuscript pin.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    hetzen / hatzenNO SINGLE PIN

    Middle High German textual landscape

    Poetic and didactic records show dogs driven after quarry and people set against one another across the Middle High German record.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    hetzen / hessen / hittzenNO SINGLE PIN

    Early New High German legal and polemical record

    Hunting law and sixteenth-century polemic preserve physical chase alongside transferred incitement.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    hetzenNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern German speech community

    Standard German preserves chase, hurry, and hostile-agitation senses. A global language community is not reduced to one map pin.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    beyond secure Germanic reconstructionNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The qualified PIE comparison stays visible while the site declines to choose pursuit, hate, grief, dogs, or incitement as the one certain original scene.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
069

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

hogan

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
2STAGES0HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Navajo hooghanNO SINGLE PIN

    Diné homelands in the North American Southwest

    The donor form belongs to Diné language and cultural life.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    1871 English recordNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1871.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
03

WHAT THIS MAP CAN AND CANNOT CLAIM

GEOGRAPHIC HONESTY IS PART OF THE DATA.

REGIONAL

A defensible cultural or linguistic region can be plotted, but the point summarizes an area rather than an exact address.

APPROXIMATE

A reconstructed homeland or contact zone is placed only as a broad visual orientation and uses a distinct dashed marker.

BROAD / GLOBAL

A distributed network, era, or world language has no honest single coordinate. It remains in the sequence and off the map.

TIME BOUNDS

Directly cited stages may carry exact, range, century, circa, open, or before bounds. Unbounded prose stays unparsed.

SOURCE FRONTIER

959 stages have claim-level citations and 578 have defensible numeric bounds. Every uncited or unbounded stage remains visible unfinished work.