*SET-U

MULTI-WORD EVIDENCE LAB

PAIRWISE LAB ↗
THE QUESTION THE GRAPH WAS BUILT TO ANSWER2–8 WORDS

CONNECT
THE WHOLE
FAMILY.

Ask how several words are related. *SET-U computes pairwise shortest paths, then builds a compact spanning forest from cited lexical edges. A shared person or text may bridge islands, but it is never mislabeled as ancestry.

2WORDS

Reviewed dossiers resolved from the request.

11NODES

Distinct forms in the spanning evidence network.

10EDGES

Distinct cited lexical relationships used.

12SOURCES

Distinct bibliographic records supporting this view.

ONE REVIEWED NETWORK1 lexical branches · 0 context bridges
legaletymology
01

THE SPANNING EVIDENCE FOREST

1 BRANCHES CONNECT THE RESOLVED WORDS

01
REVIEWED LEXICAL PATH

legal ↔ etymology

10 EDGES
01
Present-Day English · 15th century–today

legal

of, founded on, or permitted by law

attested
borrowing

The adjective broadened from juridical status to rule-conformity more generally.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

English preserved the learned form with later English vowel and stress development.

Merriam-Webster editors · establishedLegal — Word History · Etymology and First Known Use ↗OPEN EDGE 52 ↗
02
Anglo-French · Anglo-French

legal

of law

attested
borrowing

Pertaining to law remained the core sense.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

Anglo-French borrowed Latin lēgālis through regular Romance adaptation.

Merriam-Webster editors · establishedLegal — Word History · Etymology ↗OPEN EDGE 53 ↗
03
Latin · Latin antiquity

lēgālis

legal; pertaining to law

attested
derivation

The law noun becomes a relational adjective.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

Latin lēgālis is formed on lēx, leg- “law.”

Latin lexicography · establishedLegal — Word History · Latin leg-, lex ↗OPEN EDGE 54 ↗
04
Latin · Latin antiquity

lēx

law, statute, rule, agreement

attested
proposed inheritance

A collection or selection of rules is a proposed semantic bridge, not an uncontested fact.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

Latin lēx has traditionally been connected with the gather / collect family; published work argues for a root with initial *s.

Kaczyńska · Indo-European lexicography · proposedIndo-European Lexicon: *leg- · Root *leg- ↗OPEN EDGE 55 ↗
05
Proto-Indo-European · Indo-European prehistory

*leǵ-

to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking

reconstructed
inheritance

The daughter evidence spans collecting and speaking, but the exact semantic path remains reconstructed.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

Greek λέγω is traditionally derived from PIE *leǵ-; some scholarship argues that an initial *s should be reconstructed.

UT Austin LRC · IE-CoR · Kaczyńska · proposedIndo-European Lexicon: *leg- · root *leg- ↗OPEN EDGE 49 ↗
06
Ancient Greek · Ancient Greek

λέγω

gather; count; recount; say

attested
derivation

Gathering, counting, recounting, speech, account, and reason form a historically layered semantic network.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

λόγος is a verbal noun in the λέγω family, with an o-grade formation represented in traditional analysis.

Logeion · comparative Greek lexicography · probableLogeion: λόγος · λόγος ↗OPEN EDGE 48 ↗
07
Ancient Greek · Ancient Greek

λόγος

word, speech, account, reckoning, reason

attested
compound member

The “account / study” member combines with ἔτυμος “true, real” to form etymology.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

Greek ἐτυμολογία contains the -λογία formation belonging to the λόγος family.

Ancient Greek lexicography · establishedLogeion: ἐτυμολογία · ἐτυμολογία ↗OPEN EDGE 51 ↗
08
Ancient Greek · classical / Hellenistic

ἐτυμολογία

analysis of a word’s true sense

attested
borrowing

A Greek technical concept entered Latin grammatical tradition.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

Latin borrowed Greek ἐτυμολογία.

Latin and Greek lexicography · establishedLogeion: etymologia · etymologia ↗OPEN EDGE 9 ↗
09
Latin · antiquity–medieval

etymologia

explanation of a word by its origin

attested
borrowing

Scholarly explanation of a word’s origin continued.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

Old French transmitted the learned Latin form.

French historical lexicography · establishedÉtymologie: étymologie · Étymologie ↗OPEN EDGE 8 ↗
10
Old French · 14th c.

ethimologie

derivation of a word

attested
borrowing

The technical term broadened into the modern historical discipline.

SOUND + EVIDENCE

English adapted the learned French form and later aligned spelling with the classical model.

OED · historical lexicography · establishedEtymology — Word History · Word History ↗OPEN EDGE 7 ↗
03

WHAT THIS VIEW PROVES

COMPACT DOES NOT MEAN CERTAIN

01PAIRWISE SEARCH

Every resolved pair is searched through the undirected reviewed graph, bounded at 12 edges.

02LEXICAL FIRST

Cited ancestry, borrowing, derivation, and semantic continuation paths are preferred over historical-context bridges.

03SPANNING FOREST

The shortest available pair paths are greedily selected until each connectable word belongs to one network.

04NO STEINER CLAIM

This is a compact evidence view, not a claim that scholarship has one uniquely minimal family tree.