Canonical edges, each carrying form and meaning history.
THE CHANGE ATLAS
WORD FAMILIES ↗EVERY REVIEWED EDGE / TWO HISTORIES EACH
FORM → MEANING → EVIDENCEHOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.
A global atlas of every reviewed transformation in the graph—from lost vowels and borrowed spellings to meanings narrowed, inverted, elevated, and remade.
EVERY TRANSFORMATION
IS A CLAIM.
Every edge names the linked forms, relationship, sound history, semantic history, scholar, confidence, chronology when known, and the sources that warrant it. Search the language of change without flattening it.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in form.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in meaning.
515 distinct sources support the edge ledger.
Named analyses remain attached instead of becoming anonymous fact.
Borrowing, inheritance, derivation, uncertainty, and more stay distinct.
011025 MATCHING EDGES
SEARCH THE TRANSFORMATIONS
FOLLOW CHANGE ITSELF.
all changeSearch form and meaning togethersound historySearch phonological and formal changemeaning historySearch mutation in sense and use
The atlas searches the exact reviewed prose and authoritative edge labels. It does not manufacture universal “sound laws” or semantic categories by guessing from descriptions.
02PAGE 41 / 43
SEMANTIC HISTORY
1025 EVIDENCE-BACKED CHANGES
EDGE925boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dhghem-earth→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed earth root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dhghem-.
The bridegroom trail ends where the published comparative earth root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE932boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dheig̑h-to form; build→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed form-and-build root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dheig̑h-.
The dough trail ends where the published comparative root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE939boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dheig̑h-to form; build→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed form-and-build root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dheig̑h-.
The figure trail ends where the published comparative root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE941boundary
Old Englishbrȳdbride→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper parent is promoted for the bride component in this dossier.
No deeper parent is promoted for Old English brȳd from the reviewed bridegroom sources.
The bride component reaches an explicit evidence boundary.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe complete compound is established even though this component’s deeper history is outside the present reviewed evidence.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE950boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dhg̑hem-earth→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed earth root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dhg̑hem-.
The chthonic trail ends where the published comparative earth root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE957boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dhg̑hem-earth→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed earth root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dhg̑hem-.
The exhume trail ends where the published comparative earth root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE960boundary
Old Englishbrȳdbride→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted reconstructed parent is supplied by the reviewed bride sources.
The reviewed sources compare Old English brȳd with Germanic relatives but do not promote a common reconstructed parent.
The bride trail stops without inventing deeper semantics.
CONFIDENCE NOTEOld High German brūt is preserved as a comparative relative, not a direct parent.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE969boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dheig̑h-to form; build→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed form-and-build root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dheig̑h-.
The dairy trail ends where the published comparative form-and-build root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE978boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dheig̑h-to form; build→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed form-and-build root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dheig̑h-.
The fiction trail ends where the published comparative form-and-build root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE986boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dheig̑h-to form; build→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed form-and-build root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dheig̑h-.
The feign trail ends where the published comparative form-and-build root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE989boundary
Latinexout of; from→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper parent is promoted for ex- in this dossier.
No deeper parent is promoted for ex- from the reviewed exhume source.
The prefix branch reaches an explicit evidence boundary.
CONFIDENCE NOTEOnly the compound structure required by the headword source is asserted.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE992boundary
Anglo-French-erieplace or activity suffix→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper parent is promoted for -erie in this dossier.
No deeper parent is promoted for Anglo-French -erie from the reviewed dairy source.
The suffix branch reaches an explicit evidence boundary.
CONFIDENCE NOTEComparable place nouns motivate the suffix analysis without requiring a deeper suffix history here.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE994boundary
Latin-tiōsuffix of verbal action→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper parent is promoted for -tiō in this dossier.
No deeper parent is promoted for Latin -tiō from the reviewed fiction source.
The suffix branch reaches an explicit evidence boundary.
CONFIDENCE NOTEOnly the action-noun role required by the headword source is asserted.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1002boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dhg̑hem-earth→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed earth root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dhg̑hem-.
The humiliate trail ends where the published comparative earth root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1013boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dhg̑hem-earth→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed earth root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dhg̑hem-.
The humility trail ends where the published comparative earth root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1024boundary
Proto-Indo-European*dhg̑hem-earth→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed earth root.
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dhg̑hem-.
The humiliation trail ends where the published comparative earth root ends.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe root is reconstructed rather than attested.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1032boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the live *leǵ- / *sleǵ- dispute.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops rather than laundering a contested root into certainty.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1037boundary
Proto-Indo-European*h₃reg̑-move in a straight line; direct, lead, rule→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the reviewed straight-and-direct root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *h₃reg̑- root.
The graph stops where the current comparative analysis stops.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe reconstructed root is not an attested first word.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1043boundary
Proto-Indo-European*h₃reg̑-move in a straight line; direct, lead, rule→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the reviewed straight-and-direct root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *h₃reg̑- root.
The graph stops where the current comparative analysis stops.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe reconstructed root is not an attested first word.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1050boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ǵenh₁-give birth; beget; produce, with derivatives for family and tribal groups→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the reviewed *ǵenh₁- root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *ǵenh₁- root.
The graph stops before comparative reconstruction becomes a creation myth for monarchy.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe reconstructed root is not an attested first word or a claim about one original institution.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1052boundary
Proto-Germanic*-inga- / *-unga-person associated with or belonging to a lineage→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper unique ancestor of this suffix is promoted from the reviewed source set.
The reviewed source identifies the Proto-Germanic suffix but does not license one deeper unique lexical ancestor.
The morphological branch stops without pretending the suffix was an autonomous first word.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe source horizon is explicit.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1059boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ǵenh₁-give birth; beget; produce, with derivatives for family and tribal groups→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the reviewed *ǵenh₁- root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *ǵenh₁- root.
The graph stops before comparative reconstruction becomes an origin story for kinship or human society.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe reconstructed root is not an attested first word or a universal theory of relatedness.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1066boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ǵenh₁-give birth; beget; produce, with derivatives for family and tribal groups→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the reviewed *ǵenh₁- root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *ǵenh₁- root.
The graph stops before lexical evidence is turned into a universal claim about nature, moral goodness, or human classification.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe reconstructed root is not an attested first use of kind or a proof that natural and morally good were originally identical.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE1078boundary
Proto-Indo-European*ǵenh₁-give birth; beget; produce, with derivatives for family and tribal groups→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely promoted ancestor is known beyond the reviewed *ǵenh₁- root on the kin branch.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *ǵenh₁- root on this branch.
The kin branch stops before comparative reconstruction becomes an origin story for kinship, family, or the whole compound.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe separate condition branch receives its own root and evidence boundary.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
03
READ THE EDGE, NOT JUST THE WORD
TWO HISTORIES TRAVEL TOGETHER.
Pronunciation, spelling, morphology, loss, insertion, adaptation, and regular historical development.
Narrowing, broadening, metaphor, social reanalysis, technical specialization, and meaning retained.
Attested forms, reconstructed forms marked by *, and explicit knowledge boundaries never share one certainty label.
Scholar, confidence, chronology, source stance, locator, and evidence note remain attached to the atomic edge.