820 canonical forms + 578 route stages.
THE TIMELINE ATLAS
JOURNEY ATLAS ↗FORM / ROUTE / BOUND
1398 REVIEWED EVENTSLANGUAGE
IN TIME.
One cross-word chronology for every defensibly bounded form and journey stage—without converting a vague historical label into a fake year.
A reviewed graph bound, not a claim of an earliest human word.
Only stages with directly cited numeric bounds enter this atlas.
Labels remain visible in Journey Atlas, but not parsed into false years.
0020 MATCHING EVENTS
FILTER THE CHRONOLOGY
WHEN DID THE EVIDENCE LAND?
TWO CLOCKS.
NO FALSE PRECISION.
FORM CHRONOLOGY dates a canonical linguistic form or reconstruction in the lexical graph.
ROUTE CHRONOLOGY dates a geographic or transmission stage in a word’s journey.
They can share an era band, but they are never silently treated as the same kind of claim.
CROSS-WORD CHRONOLOGY / EARLIEST BOUND FIRST
THE EVIDENCE IN TIME
Prehistory2 ON THIS PAGE
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
ROUTE STAGEProto-Indo-European linguistic horizon
fiend
proposed *peh₁- comparison
A deeper harm, blame, suffering, or hate comparison is published, but its exact formation and semantic unity remain proposed.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
A conventional reconstruction interval, not a dated inscription or mappable speech community.
AUDIT RECORD ↗4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
ROUTE STAGEProposed Indo-European linguistic horizon
fiende
proposed *peh₁- comparison
Kroonen’s deeper route is a comparative linguistic proposal, not a word located at one excavated place.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A conventional comparative horizon attached to a proposed analysis, not an archaeological finding.
AUDIT RECORD ↗Antiquity4 ON THIS PAGE
500 BCE–200 CErange
ROUTE STAGEProto-Germanic linguistic horizon
fiend
*fi(j)ēn- and lexicalized *fi(j)and-
Germanic branches preserve both the hate verb and lexicalized present-participial enemy noun. The asterisked forms are comparative reconstructions.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A comparative-linguistic interval rather than an attested spelling date.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 BCE–200 CErange
ROUTE STAGEProto-Germanic linguistic horizon
fiende
*fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-
The hate verb and lexicalized participial enemy noun are comparative reconstructions shared across Germanic branches.
3 EVIDENCE LINKS
Comparative bounds, not directly dated spoken tokens or a single geographic point.
AUDIT RECORD ↗450 CE–1066 CErange
ROUTE STAGEOld English-speaking England
fiend
fēond, fīond, fīend, and fȳnd
Dialect and inflection create multiple Old English vowels and plural patterns without creating separate enemy lexemes. Enemy, foe, and Devil uses coexist in the written record.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The political dates bound a broad Old English stage; they do not date the first utterance or every cited manuscript.
AUDIT RECORD ↗450 CE–2026 CErange
ROUTE STAGECross-Germanic semantic comparison
Feind
German Feind beside English fiend
German keeps ordinary enemy central; the English cognate foregrounds demon and vicious-person senses. Cognacy does not force identical daughter-language histories.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
This is a comparative semantic stage across languages, not a single migration route or coordinate.
AUDIT RECORD ↗Medieval5 ON THIS PAGE
1000 CE–1550 CErange
ROUTE STAGEOld Norse Christian textual world
fjándi
enemy to fiend and Devil
Historical and corpus dictionaries document the inherited enemy noun’s demonic branches after Christianization without locating one coinage event.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A broad textual-semantic interval, not a first-use point or one movement on a map.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1100 CE–1300 CErange
ROUTE STAGEOld Danish textual horizon
fjende
fiende known since 1100–1300
Gammeldansk Ordbog supplies the broad Danish record without one exposed earliest witness.
1100 CE–1500 CErange
ROUTE STAGEMiddle English written record
fiend
fẹ̄nd, fend, feend, fiend, and extensive variation
The Middle English Dictionary records 188 quotations across eight senses; OED’s forms preserve inherited plurals and regional spellings while enemy, Devil, demon, possession, and monster uses overlap.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A period-level written-record stage, not one place, pronunciation, or standardized form.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1300 CE–1325 CErange
ROUTE STAGEMedieval Swedish legal record
fiende
Skåne-Lagen, beginning of the 1300s
SO reports fiende from the beginning of the 1300s in Skåne-Lagen. The title does not by itself justify one manuscript-production coordinate.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
A conservative interval for the lexicographic date label, not a token year, coinage date, or directly inspected object.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1300 CE–1526 CErange
ROUTE STAGEOld Swedish textual record
fiende
Fiande in Söderwall’s medieval dictionary
Söderwall’s located edition excerpts document ordinary enemy and especially Devil uses. Their source worlds are not collapsed into a single map pin.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A language-period range around multiple edited records, not one uniform regional event.
AUDIT RECORD ↗Early modern7 ON THIS PAGE
1500 CE–1700 CErange
ROUTE STAGEEarly Modern English record
fēond
fend, feend, feinde, and fiend
OED records competing long and short vowel pronunciations and extensive spelling variation before the long vowel becomes dominant by the eighteenth century.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
The interval summarizes documented form and pronunciation competition without asserting one universal transition date.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1500 CE–1700 CErange
ROUTE STAGEEarly Modern English record
fiend
competing long and short vowels
OED reports both long- and short-vowel pronunciations alongside spelling variation before the long vowel becomes dominant.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
A documentary interval for pronunciation competition, not one universal sound-change date.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1521 CE–1665 CErange
ROUTE STAGEEarly-modern Swedish record
fiende
fiendhom and fiende, 1521–1665
SAOB records political, biblical, demonic, and figurative uses across early-modern Swedish texts.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
A multi-source evidence interval; no single coordinate or innovation site is asserted.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1550 CE–2026 CErange
ROUTE STAGELater North Germanic continuation
fjándi
Icelandic fjandi, Swedish fiende, and Danish fjende
The inherited noun continues with different branch-specific semantic centers; no daughter language is treated as the original.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
A continuation horizon, not a single borrowing, coordinate, or semantic event.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1695 CE–1742 CErange
ROUTE STAGEEarly-modern Danish textual world
fjende
1695–1742 printed records and form variation
ODS and Holbergordbog expose fienden, Fiende, Fiænde, Finde, Fînde, Fiend, and competing syllable patterns.
1700 CE–1799 CEcentury
ROUTE STAGEEighteenth-century English record
fiend
long-vowel pronunciation becomes dominant
OED’s later-development note places the dominance of the long-vowel pronunciation by the eighteenth century.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
The source supports century-level dominance, not simultaneous adoption by every speaker.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1700 CE–2026 CErange
ROUTE STAGEGlobal English
fēond
modern fiend
The literal enemy or foe sense is obsolete, while Devil, demon, wicked-person, harmful-thing, and later figurative uses continue in English.
Modern2 ON THIS PAGE
1800 CE–2026 CErange
ROUTE STAGEGlobal English
fiend
modern fiend
The literal enemy or foe sense is obsolete, while Devil, demon, wicked-person, harmful-thing, and later figurative uses continue in global English.
1924 CE–2026 CErange
ROUTE STAGESwedish-language continuum
fiende
current fiende and historical dictionary record
SAOB and SO document continuation into modern Swedish, with ordinary enemy or opponent central and military, collective, and figurative uses available.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
Dictionary publication and current-use horizon, not a claim of dialectal uniformity.
AUDIT RECORD ↗UNBOUNDED IS
A REAL RESULT.
Stages without source-backed numeric bounds stay in their complete Journey Atlas route, carry an explicit temporal note, and remain absent here until the evidence supports normalization. The missing point is visible work—not permission to guess.