820 canonical forms + 578 route stages.
THE TIMELINE ATLAS
JOURNEY ATLAS ↗FORM / ROUTE / BOUND
1398 REVIEWED EVENTSLANGUAGE
IN TIME.
One cross-word chronology for every defensibly bounded form and journey stage—without converting a vague historical label into a fake year.
A reviewed graph bound, not a claim of an earliest human word.
Only stages with directly cited numeric bounds enter this atlas.
Labels remain visible in Journey Atlas, but not parsed into false years.
001398 MATCHING EVENTS
FILTER THE CHRONOLOGY
WHEN DID THE EVIDENCE LAND?
TWO CLOCKS.
NO FALSE PRECISION.
FORM CHRONOLOGY dates a canonical linguistic form or reconstruction in the lexical graph.
ROUTE CHRONOLOGY dates a geographic or transmission stage in a word’s journey.
They can share an era band, but they are never silently treated as the same kind of claim.
CROSS-WORD CHRONOLOGY / EARLIEST BOUND FIRST
THE EVIDENCE IN TIME
Antiquity19 ON THIS PAGE
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
gierela
Old English
garment
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
brȳdguma
Old English
bridegroom; bride-man
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
guma
Old English
man; human being
450 CE–1150 CErange
ROUTE STAGEOld English textual record
friend
frēond, frīond, friand, and inflected forms
OED and Bosworth–Toller document dialectal and inflectional variation across Old English texts without reducing the language to one birthplace.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
Conventional Old English bounds; individual source records are separately qualified.
AUDIT RECORD ↗450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
dāg
Old English
dough
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
brȳd
Old English
bride
450 CE–1150 CErange
ROUTE STAGEOld English textual record
frēond
frēond, frīond, frīand, frend, and inflected forms
OED and Bosworth–Toller document dialect, mutation, inflection, companion, ally, relation, patron, and friend-versus-foe evidence across Old English sources.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
Conventional Old English bounds; individual witnesses remain separately qualified.
AUDIT RECORD ↗450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
dǣge
Old English
female baker; female servant
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
cyning
Old English
king, ruler, or emperor
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
cynn
Old English
kindred, kind, race, nation, people, tribe, family, lineage, generation, or progeny
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
cynd / gecynd
Old English
nature, kind, manner, condition, origin, generation, offspring, or sex
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
gecynde
Old English
natural, native, innate, proper, fitting, or inherited by birth
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
hete
Old English
hate, hatred, spite, envy, malice, hostility, or anger
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
hatian
Old English
to hate, treat as an enemy, persecute, or in a cited context pursue
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
hettan
Old English
a lexicographic weak-verb lemma associated with hating, attacking, or persecuting
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
fēond
Old English lexical record
enemy, foe, devil; masculine noun
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
fēogan
Old English written record
to hate or persecute
450 CE–1150 CErange
CANONICAL FORMOld English
frēond
Old English
friend, relation, or one favorably disposed; historically an nd-stem agent noun
450 CE–2026 CErange
ROUTE STAGECross-Germanic semantic comparison
Feind
German Feind beside English fiend
German keeps ordinary enemy central; the English cognate foregrounds demon and vicious-person senses. Cognacy does not force identical daughter-language histories.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
This is a comparative semantic stage across languages, not a single migration route or coordinate.
AUDIT RECORD ↗Medieval11 ON THIS PAGE
500 CE–525 CErange
ROUTE STAGERavenna
liufs
early-6th-century Codex Argenteus
The manuscript preserving Mark 1:11 liuba was probably copied in Ravenna at the beginning of the sixth century.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The range operationalizes the official early-sixth-century dating and remains approximate rather than a precise production date.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 CE–525 CErange
ROUTE STAGERavenna
hatjan
early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus
The purple-vellum Gospel codex preserving Matthew 5:44 was probably copied in Ravenna at the beginning of the sixth century.
3 EVIDENCE LINKS
The interval operationalizes the official early-sixth-century dating; 510 is only a representative attestation year.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 CE–525 CErange
ROUTE STAGERavenna
hatis
early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witness
The directly inspected Luke 3:7 hatiza occurs in the purple-vellum Gospel codex probably copied in Ravenna. The remaining source-reported tokens survive in other Gothic witnesses and are not silently assigned to this object.
4 EVIDENCE LINKS
The interval operationalizes the official early-sixth-century dating; 510 is only a representative attestation year.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 CE–525 CErange
ROUTE STAGERavenna
hatan
early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesses
Both directly inspected participles occur in the purple-vellum Gospel codex probably copied in Ravenna: hatandane on folio 123r and hatandans on folio 143v.
4 EVIDENCE LINKS
The interval operationalizes the official early-sixth-century dating; 510 is only a representative attestation year for both surviving objects.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 CE–525 CErange
ROUTE STAGERavenna
fijan
early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesses
Four directly inspected tokens occur in the probable Ravenna codex: infinitive fijan on fol. 33r, j-less fiaiþ on fol. 76v, and ambiguous fijandam on fols. 123r and 143v.
5 EVIDENCE LINKS
The interval operationalizes the official early-sixth-century dating; 510 is a representative witness year, not a precise copying date.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 CE–525 CErange
ROUTE STAGERavenna
fijands
early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesses
Five noun-only candidates were directly inspected on folios 3v, 27r, 123r, and 164v. The codex is evidence for written Gothic, not a speech-frequency sample.
5 EVIDENCE LINKS
The interval operationalizes the official early-sixth-century dating; 510 is a representative witness year, not a precise copying date.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 CE–525 CErange
ROUTE STAGERavenna
hatizōn
early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus
The purple-vellum Gospel codex preserving John 7:23 was probably copied in Ravenna at the beginning of the sixth century.
3 EVIDENCE LINKS
The interval operationalizes the official early-sixth-century dating; 510 is only a representative attestation year.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 CE–599 CEcentury
ROUTE STAGENorthern Indian game tradition
chess
6th c. first-certain caturaṅga evidence
The first certain caturaṅga game-name evidence belongs to a sixth-century Indian military-game tradition; earlier origin stories remain less secure.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
The sixth century is the source’s first-certain documentary horizon, not an exact invention date or one point of origin.
AUDIT RECORD ↗500 CE–600 CErange
CANONICAL FORMSanskrit
caturaṅga
6th century CE
four-limbed army; chess game-name
500 CE–800 CErange
CANONICAL FORMMiddle Persian
čatrang
Middle Persian
chess
500 CE–900 CErange
CANONICAL FORMClassical Arabic
Khwārizm
early medieval and older geographic record
Khwārizm, a region south of the Aral Sea
UNBOUNDED IS
A REAL RESULT.
Stages without source-backed numeric bounds stay in their complete Journey Atlas route, carry an explicit temporal note, and remain absent here until the evidence supports normalization. The missing point is visible work—not permission to guess.