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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL3 source sections across 2 headwords matching “Rede”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
RedeEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Probably from Old English hrēod (“reed”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗redeEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
From Middle English red, rede, from Old English rǣd, from Proto-West Germanic *rād, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz. Cognate with Danish råd, Dutch raad, German Rat, Swedish råd, Norwegian Bokmål råd. Indo-European cognates include Old Irish rádaid (“to speak, say, tell”). Doublet of rada.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗redeEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
From Middle English reden, ræden, from Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise; plot, design; rule, govern, guide; determine, decide, decree; read, explain”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną. Cognate with German raten, Low German raden, Dutch raden. More at read.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Mayhew–Skeat (1888)
1888; pinned HTML transcription updated October 28, 2024- RedeMiddle English · word_rede_adj_1
Rede, adj. red, C2; see Reed.
Read the full source record → - RedeMiddle English · word_rede_adj_2
Rede, adj. ready, WA; redeliche, adv., PP; redeli, S2.—AS. (ge)rǽde: Goth. (ga)raids.
Read the full source record → - RedeMiddle English · word_rede_sb
Rede, sb. advice, S, S2, S3, B; read, S; red, S, S2, B; reed, C2; reid, B; ræde, S; reade, S; rade, S; reades, pl. S.—AS. rǽd.
Read the full source record →
012
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
noundossier summary
hatred
A Middle English formation built from hate plus the fossilized native condition suffix -rede / -reden, with a secure Germanic hate family but a semantically difficult and explicitly disputed deeper Indo-European proposal.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · adjectivehistorical form
kindred
An inherited English kinship word built from Old English cynn “kin” plus -ræden “condition or state,” with an intrusive d and a fossilized second element whose wider word-forming pattern disappeared.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗026
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Middle English / Indo-European
-rede / -reden
a state, condition, quality, status, estimation, rule, or relation to X
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- historical-form prefix
- DOSSIERS
- 0
Old English / Indo-European
*gyrela
proposed predecessor of girle
- DATE
- proposed Old English form
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 0
Old English / Indo-European
cynræden / cynrēde
kinship; the condition or collective state associated with kin
- DATE
- Late Old English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
hate
hate, extreme anger, hostility, or the lexical base of hatrede
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 2
Middle English / Indo-European
hatrede / hatreden / hateredyn
hatred; the state or condition of hate
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- transliteration
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
kinrede / kindrede
family, lineage, blood relations, kinship, nation, or related people
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- transliteration
- DOSSIERS
- 1
036
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 4
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do Frigg, Friday, Frederick, and Siegfried descend from the noun friend?
No. American Heritage places them in related Germanic formations under the wider *frī- family; they are collateral relatives, not descendants of English friend.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the -red in hatred the color red?
No. Middle English -rede / -reden continues Old English -ræden, a suffixal or affixoid element denoting state, condition, or quality.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was hatred already a whole word in Old English?
No reviewed source gives an Old English whole-word ancestor. The word is documented as a Middle English formation from hate plus -rede, with a 13th-century first-known-use horizon.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the d in kindred inherited from the oldest compound?
No. Traugott explicitly identifies an intrusive d between n and r. The late Old English compound is cynræden / cynrēde and Middle English records include both kinrede and kindrede.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 23GRADE Aranked reveal
The d in kindred is an intruder—and kind is not in the word.
Kindred is kin plus a fossilized native element meaning a condition or state. One branch reaches the birth root; the other reaches a fit-together root. The modern d arrived between n and r after the compound already existed.
RANK 24GRADE Aranked reveal
Hatred is medieval—and its -red means neither red nor “more.”
Middle English assembled hate with a dying native element for a state or condition. The compound is younger than its parts; below the secure Germanic hate family, even the celebrated PIE root remains a qualified and semantically difficult proposal.
042
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
055
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Middle English Dictionary suffix record for kinrede
kinrede / kindrede / kindred / Middle English dictionary record
-rē̆de(n suffix — Middle English Dictionarywitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus
English prose works of Richard Rolle, selected edition
hatrede / hatreden / hateredyn / hatred / Middle English text, edition page 65
English prose works of Richard Rolle: a selectionwitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus
English prose works of Richard Rolle, selected edition
hatrede / hatreden / hateredyn / hatred / Middle English text, edition page 88
English prose works of Richard Rolle: a selectionwitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus
Old English reader occurrence reported by Bosworth–Toller
hete / hete / Old English prose record
HETE — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Onlinewitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Peder Paars line
fjende / fjende / Holberg corpus; two-syllable scansion
Holbergordbog — Fiendewitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗06
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