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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL10 source sections across 2 headwords matching “Bar”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
BarEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
From Serbo-Croatian Bȃr.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗BarEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
Shortenings.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗BarEnglish (en) · Etymology 4Source text
From Ukrainian Бар (Bar).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗BarEnglish (en) · Etymology 5Source text
barEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Etymology tree Vulgar Latin *barra Old French barrebor. Middle English barre English bar From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗barEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer, from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar. Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗barEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer, from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar. Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗barEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
Borrowed from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), as a variant of earlier barye and barad. First attested as sense 2 by suggestion of Theodore William Richards in 1903, while sense 1 was proposed by Vilhelm Bjerknes, who first published about it in 1906 as German Bar, see there for more.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗barEnglish (en) · Etymology 4Source text
From foobar, a phonetic respelling of FUBAR.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗barEnglish (en) · Etymology 5Source text
Variant of bear.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Mayhew–Skeat (1888)
1888; pinned HTML transcription updated October 28, 2024MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
algebra
A mathematical discipline whose English name travels through Medieval Latin from Arabic al-jabr, restoration or completion.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗hettan
An Old English weak-verb lemma supported by a strikingly narrow surface record. A full-corpus lemmatisation inventory lists only hettende under hettan; Bosworth–Toller redirects the bare headword to hettend, “enemy,” while Orel compares the verb with Gothic hatjan and Middle High German hetzen. Clark Hall instead assigns hettende to hatian. The dossier therefore separates the comparative verb, the recorded enemy word, and the unresolved lemma assignment.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗humiliate
To reduce someone in their own or others’ estimation, causing shame or loss of dignity; from Late Latin forms meaning to make low or humble.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗regular
Conforming to a rule, pattern, order, or interval; borrowed through French from Late Latin rēgulāris.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 3
Does the contrast miscais prove that bare cais originally meant love?
No. The contrast is evidence that some contexts oppose the forms, but prefixal morphology and a translated contrast do not by themselves recover the oldest sense of bare cais.
Is the Devil the central current meaning of fiende?
No. SO defines an opponent prepared to harm a counterpart and supplies ordinary, military, figurative, and natural-enemy uses. SAOB marks the older Devil use as barely current by 1924.
Is regular unrelated to a physical ruler?
No. Its Late Latin adjective descends from rēgula, whose older semantic range includes a bar, rod, or straightedge.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
Regular is measured order.
Late Latin rēgulāris grows from rēgula, the straight bar or rule. Ordinary, scheduled, and normal are later abstractions from conformity to a rule.
Algebra named restoration before it named symbols.
Arabic al-jabr was an operation of restoring or completing an equation—and also had a real bone-setting history.
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
The CHIMES entry in John Harris’s Lexicon technicum uses calculate in instructions about clock-chime numbers.
calculate / calculate / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and scienceswitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗John Trevisa’s translation of Bartholomaeus Anglicus as indexed by the Middle English Dictionary
-logie / -logy / before 1398 source-reported Middle English quotation
Middle English Dictionary: etimologie n.reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Seventeenth-century hidden-enemy proverb
fiende / fiende / 1665
Svenska Akademiens ordbok — FIENDEwitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗Codex Ambrosianus A corpus record, Ephesians 2:3
hatis / hatis / Gothic manuscript corpus, date not normalized
Gothic Bible word analysis — Ephesians 2:3, hatize and hatiswitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗Codex Ambrosianus B corpus record, Ephesians 2:3
hatis / hatis / Gothic manuscript corpus, date not normalized
Gothic Bible word analysis — Ephesians 2:3, hatize and hatiswitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗Old High German Tatian, weeds parable
fīant / fīant / ninth-century Old High German Tatian; edited text
Tatian: Lateinisch und altdeutsch mit ausführlichem Glossar, 2nd ed. — section 72, p. 96witness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗Passio Bartholomaei gloss, past participle
fīēn / fīēn / eighth- or ninth-century Alemannic gloss; source-reported
Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch — fîênreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
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