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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL3 source sections across 2 headwords matching “Thew”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
ThewEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
From Middle English thew (“thrall, slave”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗thewEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
From Middle English theu, thew (“way of behaving towards others, bearing, manners; habit, practice; good manners, courtesy; characteristic act; characteristic, trait; custom, tradition; established rule, ordinance; injunction; moral character; (in the plural) set of moral principles, morals; moral quality, virtue or vice; might, power, strength”) [and other forms] (often in the plural form theus, thewes), from Old English þēaw (“general practice of a community, custom, usage; mode of conduct, behaviour, manner; (in the plural) customs, virtue”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *þauw, from Proto-Germanic *þawwaz (“custom; habit”); further etymology uncertain, tentatively identified by the Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen (Etymological Dictionary of Old High German) as a reflex of an s-less variant of Proto-Indo-European *(s)tāu-, *(s)te- (“to stand; to place”), from *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”). Cognates * Old Frisian thāw * Old High German dau, thau (“coercion; discipline; tuition”) * Old Saxon thau (“custom, usage; habit”)
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗thewEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
From Middle English theuen, thewe (“to instruct in morals or values; to teach, train”) [and other forms], from theu, thew (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitives of verbs).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
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Browse the independently attributed sources →MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “thew.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 1
Did Gothic hatjan mean pursue because German hetzen later did?
Not in the surviving Gothic clause. Matthew 5:44 uses hatjandam for people who hate; Middle High German hetzen develops pursuit and hounding senses in a daughter branch. The formal comparison does not make every branch share every meaning.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 1
One Gothic hate verb survives once—in a command to do good to those who hate you.
Project Wulfila’s only verified hatjan token is hatjandam in Matthew 5:44, directly visible on Codex Argenteus folio 3v. A parallel “love your enemies” command in Luke 6:27 instead uses hatandans from class-III hatan. The translation gloss “hate” therefore hides a genuine grammatical and historical dispute.
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
Codex Argenteus facsimile 6 — folio 3v, Matthew 5:42–47
Uppsala University Library · Project Codex Argenteus Online / 1927
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 5:44, hatjandam
Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗Codex Argenteus facsimile 31 — folio 27r, Matthew 10:34–40
Uppsala University Library · Project Codex Argenteus Online / 1927
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 5:43, fiais and fiand
Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 10:36, fijands
Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 5:44, fijands
Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
Codex Argenteus, Matthew 5:44
hatjan / hatjan / early 6th century
Codex Argenteus facsimile 6 — folio 3v, Matthew 5:42–47reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Codex Argenteus, Matthew 5:43
fijands / fijands / early 6th century
Codex Argenteus facsimile 6 — folio 3v, Matthew 5:42–47reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Codex Argenteus, Matthew 5:44
fijands / fijands / early 6th century
Codex Argenteus facsimile 6 — folio 3v, Matthew 5:42–47reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Codex Argenteus, Matthew 10:36
fijands / fijands / early 6th century
Codex Argenteus facsimile 31 — folio 27r, Matthew 10:34–40reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Codex Argenteus, Matthew 5:43
fijan / fijan / early 6th-century witness, source-reported
Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 5:43, fiais and fiandreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Codex Argenteus, Matthew 6:24
fijan / fijan / early 6th-century witness, source-reported
Lemma fijan — Gothic dictionary and 42-token candidate inventoryreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Matthias von Beheim, Matthew 5:11
haʒʒen / hassen / 1343 textual horizon, source-reported
Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hassenreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Swedish New Testament, Matthew 5:43
fiende / fiende / 1526
Svenska Akademiens ordbok — FIENDEreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
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