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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT

Imported dictionary evidence

SOURCE-IMPORTED · UNREVIEWED

These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.

35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset

PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL

3 source sections across 2 headwords matching “Thew”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.

Open the permanent entry for Thew →Open the permanent entry for thew →
ThewEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text

From Middle English thew (“thrall, slave”).

Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗
thewEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text

From Middle English theu, thew (“way of behaving towards others, bearing, manners; habit, practice; good manners, courtesy; characteristic act; characteristic, trait; custom, tradition; established rule, ordinance; injunction; moral character; (in the plural) set of moral principles, morals; moral quality, virtue or vice; might, power, strength”) [and other forms] (often in the plural form theus, thewes), from Old English þēaw (“general practice of a community, custom, usage; mode of conduct, behaviour, manner; (in the plural) customs, virtue”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *þauw, from Proto-Germanic *þawwaz (“custom; habit”); further etymology uncertain, tentatively identified by the Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen (Etymological Dictionary of Old High German) as a reflex of an s-less variant of Proto-Indo-European *(s)tāu-, *(s)te- (“to stand; to place”), from *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”). Cognates * Old Frisian thāw * Old High German dau, thau (“coercion; discipline; tuition”) * Old Saxon thau (“custom, usage; habit”)

Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗
thewEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text

From Middle English theuen, thewe (“to instruct in morals or values; to teach, train”) [and other forms], from theu, thew (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitives of verbs).

Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗

From Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Extraction source · CC-BY-SA-4.0. Selected source text is reformatted for display; language and section identity are retained.

Source dump: 2026-10-01 · Extraction: 2026-10-30. These dates identify a dump snapshot, not an individual page revision.

Snapshot checksums and coverage
SOURCE SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
CORPUS SHA-256
c4c2a77325141846709230e11c2959332acd630d53e52905b72d36211251b081
IMPORT RUN
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
SUBSET SELECTION
English-only: shortest normalized query first, then binary lexical order; complete word-language and case-variant groups only. This is a bounded online subset, not the full acquired corpus.

INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY

More sources for this spelling

These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.

Browse the independently attributed sources →
17REVIEWED RESULTS
1WORD DOSSIERS
0HISTORICAL NODES
6SOURCES
2CLAIMS
8WITNESSES
01

MODERN ENTRY POINTS

WORD DOSSIERS

1
02

ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY

HISTORICAL FORMS

0

No reviewed record in this collection contains “thew.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.

03

WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED

CLAIMS & DISPUTES

2

SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 1

openprobableposition text

Did Gothic hatjan mean pursue because German hetzen later did?

Not in the surviving Gothic clause. Matthew 5:44 uses hatjandam for people who hate; Middle High German hetzen develops pursuit and hounding senses in a daughter branch. The formal comparison does not make every branch share every meaning.

CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 1

RANK 29GRADE Aranked reveal

One Gothic hate verb survives once—in a command to do good to those who hate you.

Project Wulfila’s only verified hatjan token is hatjandam in Matthew 5:44, directly visible on Codex Argenteus folio 3v. A parallel “love your enemies” command in Luke 6:27 instead uses hatandans from class-III hatan. The translation gloss “hate” therefore hides a genuine grammatical and historical dispute.

04

BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES

SOURCES

6
05

FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS

ATTESTATION WITNESSES

8
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDmanuscript

Codex Argenteus, Matthew 5:44

hatjan / hatjan / early 6th century

Codex Argenteus facsimile 6 — folio 3v, Matthew 5:42–47reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDmanuscript

Codex Argenteus, Matthew 5:43

fijands / fijands / early 6th century

Codex Argenteus facsimile 6 — folio 3v, Matthew 5:42–47reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDmanuscript

Codex Argenteus, Matthew 5:44

fijands / fijands / early 6th century

Codex Argenteus facsimile 6 — folio 3v, Matthew 5:42–47reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDmanuscript

Codex Argenteus, Matthew 10:36

fijands / fijands / early 6th century

Codex Argenteus facsimile 31 — folio 27r, Matthew 10:34–40reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗
SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record

Codex Argenteus, Matthew 5:43

fijan / fijan / early 6th-century witness, source-reported

Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 5:43, fiais and fiandreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗
SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record

Codex Argenteus, Matthew 6:24

fijan / fijan / early 6th-century witness, source-reported

Lemma fijan — Gothic dictionary and 42-token candidate inventoryreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗
SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record

Matthias von Beheim, Matthew 5:11

haʒʒen / hassen / 1343 textual horizon, source-reported

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hassenreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗
SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record

Swedish New Testament, Matthew 5:43

fiende / fiende / 1526

Svenska Akademiens ordbok — FIENDEreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗
06

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Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.