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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL2 source sections across 1 headword matching “Ratio”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
ratioEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Borrowed from Latin ratiō. Doublet of ration and reason.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗ratioEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Borrowed from Latin ratiō. Doublet of ration and reason.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →017
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nouncontrarian claim
algebra
A mathematical discipline whose English name travels through Medieval Latin from Arabic al-jabr, restoration or completion.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
kimchi
The English food word is a direct borrowing of Korean 김치, with the familiar kimchee spelling as an English variant.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · adjectivedossier summary
kin
The inherited English family word continuing Middle English kin and Old English cynn, from the Germanic lineage formation *kunja- and ultimately the birth-and-generation root *ǵenh₁-.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · adjectivehistorical form
kind
An inherited English word whose noun history runs through nature, birth, class, and family while its adjective history runs through what is natural, native, fitting, and only later benevolent.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · adjectivehistorical form
kindred
An inherited English kinship word built from Old English cynn “kin” plus -ræden “condition or state,” with an intrusive d and a fossilized second element whose wider word-forming pattern disappeared.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · verbhistorical form
king
An inherited English title continuing Old English cyning and reconstructed Germanic *kuninga-, a formation built on the Germanic kin or lineage base.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
logic
The discipline and practice of valid reasoning, inherited through French and Latin from a Greek family of word, account, speech, and reason.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗028
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
*
Proto-Indo-European / Indo-European
*gn̥ə-yo-
generation, lineage, or kin formation
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European suffixed zero grade
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 3
Classical Arabic / Afro-Asiatic
al-jabr
restoration, completion; an operation in equation solving
- DATE
- 9th century
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Medieval Latin / Indo-European
algebra
restoration; bone-setting; the mathematical art
- DATE
- 12th–16th centuries
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old English / Indo-European
cynd / gecynd
nature, kind, manner, condition, origin, generation, offspring, or sex
- DATE
- Old English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old English / Indo-European
cynn
kindred, kind, race, nation, people, tribe, family, lineage, generation, or progeny
- DATE
- Old English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 2
Present-Day English / Indo-European
kimchi
Korean fermented vegetable preparation
- DATE
- 1888–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Ancient Greek / Indo-European
kêdos
source transliteration of κῆδος, not a separate Ancient Greek lexeme
- DATE
- modern scholarly Latin-script representation of Ancient Greek
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 0
Anglo-French / Indo-European
logique
logic; rational art
- DATE
- Anglo-French / medieval French
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
0315
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openboundaryposition text
Is *lˤra the final word on the ancestry of tea?
It is the final reviewed reconstruction in this dossier, not a declaration that no deeper hypothesis exists. No unique deeper form is promoted until a competing analysis is encoded with direct evidence.
openspeculativeposition text
Did Lydian contact cause the loss of initial aspiration?
Gális presents Lydian contact only as a theoretical possibility, not an established cause of Greek psilosis.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did algebra originally mean symbols and variables?
No. Al-jabr named restoration or completion, including a specific equation-solving operation; the word later expanded to the discipline.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do the displayed citations measure how often speakers used love versus hate?
No. They are a selected historical-dictionary evidence surface, not a balanced corpus or a sample of medieval speech.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do the three poetic verb records and 222 fjándi prose citations form a direct frequency comparison?
No. They come from different public corpora with different genres, coverage, editorial states, and counting rules.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the possible runic inscription shown on modern dictionary pages a historical attestation?
No. It is a generated transliteration widget, not a cited inscription, object, shelfmark, or manuscript record.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did Old English frēond mean only a close private companion?
No. OED separates close acquaintance, non-enemy or ally, and relation senses already in Old English; Bosworth–Toller adds patronal, religious, and arbitration contexts.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are the possible runic inscriptions on modern dictionary pages historical attestations?
No. They are generated transliteration widgets without an object, inscription identifier, shelfmark, or historical locator.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do the two ONP entries prove two equally secure Old Norse nouns?
No. Editorial separation records an analytical problem; the 54-to-1 citation imbalance and explicit error warning make equal security unjustified.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did kin always mean only blood relatives?
No. Old and Middle English records include kind, race, people, tribe, nation, lineage, generation, progeny, gender, species, category, and family. The modern relatives sense is a semantic narrowing, not the whole ancestral meaning.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is κῆδος an attested Ancient Greek noun?
Yes. LSJ supplies a full neuter-noun entry, Doric κᾶδος, and citations from Homer onward; Scaife independently exposes the Iliad 1.445 line.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are κῆδος and kêdos separate Ancient Greek lexemes?
No. Merriam-Webster uses the Latin-script transliteration kêdos for the same Greek noun that LSJ indexes as κῆδος.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 3
RANK 22GRADE Aranked reveal
Kind is not kin with a d—and kindness did not begin as niceness.
Kind and kin descend through separate Germanic formations and meet only at the deeper birth root. The adjective first carries natural, native, fitting, and proper senses; benevolence becomes prominent through later semantic development.
RANK 159GRADE Aranked reveal
It did not begin as merely “forbidden.”
Tongan and reconstructed Oceanic evidence joins prohibition and ritual restriction with sacredness and consecration.
RANK 175GRADE Acontrarian claim
Algebra named restoration before it named symbols.
Arabic al-jabr was an operation of restoring or completing an equation—and also had a real bone-setting history.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “ratio.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.