CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 674
DISPUTE
RECORD.
One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
resolvedestablished
Do the displayed citations measure how often speakers used love versus hate?
No. They are a selected historical-dictionary evidence surface, not a balanced corpus or a sample of medieval speech.
WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 674
cais
not directly recoverable · Middle Irish noun
eDIL separates two Irish headwords written cais. The first, also recorded as caise, is explicitly explained both as love and as hate; its cited passages and glossary equations range from searc and grádh "love" to miscais and mioscais "hatred", with context deciding individual readings. One Éigse line is tentatively translated so that the same visible form occurs on both sides: "my love ... is met by hatred(?)". The question mark matters. The second eDIL headword cais means "eye" and is excluded from this semantic lineage. These records establish a remarkable lexicographic opposition, not one timeless essence, a chronology from love to hate, or proof that every occurrence belongs to one historically indivisible sense. John T. Koch compares the noun with Proto-Celtic *katsi- < *kad-t/si- and a wider *kad- family, but that ancestry and its proposed Germanic comparison remain open. eDIL itself generally supplies etymologies only selectively. No manuscript pixels were directly inspected, no earliest-use or historical-frequency claim is made, and no exact pronunciation is invented.
01DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
2 SOURCES WITH A STANCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
SOURCE 01supportslexicographic method
eDIL — About the dictionary, revision, headwords, and citations
Defines the dictionary as a curated evidence surface rather than a balanced frequency corpus.
Citation selection, chronology, and revision method- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Royal Irish Academy · eDIL editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Royal Irish Academy
SOURCE 02contexthistorical dictionary
eDIL — 1 cais, noun explained as both love and hate
Supplies the bounded set that must not be mistaken for speech frequency.
Headword 1 cais citation inventory- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Royal Irish Academy · eDIL editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Royal Irish Academy
02 / EDITORIAL STATE
THE CURRENT RECORD IS RESOLVED.
- CONFIDENCE
- established
- STATUS
- resolved
- LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
- eDIL documents its selection, revision, and citation practices.
RESOLUTION NOTENo frequency ratio or prevalence claim is calculated from the entry.