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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL5 source sections across 2 headwords matching “Net”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
NetEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Shortening.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗netEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *natją Proto-West Germanic *nati Old English nett Middle English net English net From Middle English net, from Old English net, nett, from Proto-West Germanic *nati, from Proto-Germanic *natją (“net”), from Proto-Indo-European *neHd- (“to knot, turn, twist”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian näät (“net”), Saterland Frisian Nät (“net”), West Frisian and Dutch net (“net”), German and Luxembourgish Netz (“net”), Yiddish נעץ (nets, “net”), Danish, Elfdalian, Faroese, and Icelandic net (“net”), Norwegian Bokmål nett (“net”), Norwegian Nynorsk net, nett (“net”), Swedish nät (“net”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌹 (nati, “net”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗netEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
From Middle English net, nette, from Old French net, from Latin nitidus. Doublet of neat and nitid.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗netEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
Borrowed from Middle French nettoyer (“to cleanse”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗netEnglish (en) · Etymology 4Source text
This section has no extracted narrative. Its source may contain templates or descendants; no ancestry has been inferred from them here.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Chambers (1908)
1908- NetEnglish · e-38699-238
Net, net, n. an open fabric of twine, &c., knotted into meshes for catching birds, fishes, &c.: anything like a net for keeping out insects, &c.: a meshed bag for holding a woman's hair: machine-made lace of various kind
Read the full source record → - NetEnglish · e-38699-239
Net, Nett, net, adj. clear of all charges or deductions—opp. to Gross: lowest, subject to no further deductions.—v.t. to produce as clear profit:—pr.p. net′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. net′ted. [Neat.]
Read the full source record →
015
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
English common noun and historical adjectivedossier summary
friend
English friend continues Middle English frẹ̄nd and Old English frēond, an inherited Germanic nd-stem agent noun. OED identifies cognates across West, East, and North Germanic and analyzes them as noun uses of a present participle of the Germanic base behind free; Bosworth–Toller explicitly calls Old English freónd the participle of freón, a verb meaning free or love; American Heritage independently explains the formation as originally one who loves. The historical noun later covers intimate companion, ally, supporter, relation, lover, form of address, Quaker, climbing device, and social-network contact. The graph displays a normalized *frijōnd- participial formation, Germanic *frī-, the proposed Indo-European comparison *prī-, and then stops.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗Old High German weak verbdossier summary
fīēn
Old High German fīēn—printed fîên in the Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch—was a weak verb meaning to hate, not love, be hostile to, detest, or reject. The official dictionary says it is attested only in Alemannic manuscripts of the eighth and ninth centuries, then inventories an infinitive fien, present participle fiendi, second-person singular preterite fietos, and accusative plural masculine past participle fieta. Three rule-text records concern hating discipline, one’s own will, or no person; gloss records align the participial forms with Latin exosus or exosos; and an Esther gloss aligns fien with detestari. These are source-reported edition and dictionary records, not directly inspected manuscript objects, and the broad manuscript horizon does not identify one exact first token. A separate twelfth-century article printed fien [sic] with the gloss ubere is explicitly left uninterpreted by the dictionary and is not merged into this hate verb. Beside the verb, Old High German had the already lexicalized enemy noun fīant, whose old participial character could still shine through in fixed phrases. The graph therefore shows a living daughter verb beside a grammatical fossil without pretending that either attested form is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic word itself. No historical sound recording exists and the dossier does not display a fabricated phonetic certainty.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
hammock
The suspended-bed sense entered English through Spanish hamaca from Taíno hamaca; it is etymologically separate from the southern U.S. terrain word hammock.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
tea
The English name of the beverage, carried through the Dutch maritime network from a Southern Min form of the Chinese word 茶.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗Ancient Greek neuter noundossier summary
κῆδος
Ancient Greek κῆδος is an attested neuter noun whose lexical record spans care or concern, anxiety and grief, troubles, mourning and funeral rites, an object of care, and connection by marriage. LSJ documents the Doric variant κᾶδος, Homeric plural forms such as κήδεα or elided κήδεʼ, an Aeschylean play between Helen as an object of care and marriage connection, and a warning that some marriage-based readings of Homeric passages are wrong. Comparative sources place the noun beneath a proposed *ḱh₂d-es- formation and *ḱeh₂d- base alongside Celtic and Germanic material, but the semantic unity of care, grief, battle, hostility, pursuit, and hate remains disputed. The dossier preserves the Greek semantic network, the proposed ancestry, and the explicit boundary as separate claim layers.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗022
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
0315
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openprobableposition text
Is the exact phonetic shape of *fi(j)and- directly known?
No. The form is a comparative reconstruction. Optional j notation, branch vowels, and the relation of written historical variants require analysis rather than direct Proto-Germanic observation.
openprobableposition text
Did fía become fjá at one exactly recoverable moment?
No exact date or complete phonetic sequence is established. Zoëga calls fía the early form and ONP cross-references it, which supports a historical surface relation but not a point event.
openestablishedposition text
Was fjá obsolete at one exact medieval date?
No. Cleasby calls the word obsolete from a nineteenth-century lexicographic perspective, but the reviewed record does not identify a last speaker or extinction year.
openestablishedposition text
Can one exact Old Frisian pronunciation or vowel length be recovered?
No. Lexicographic forms include hatia, hetia, and hātia, but the reviewed sources do not provide audio or a complete dated phonetic transition series.
openestablishedposition text
Can one exact Old Saxon pronunciation of heti be recovered?
No. The reviewed sources supply spellings, editorial vowel notation, grammar, and comparison, but no recorded voice or fully dated phonetic sequence.
openprobableposition text
Is hospes securely reduced from *ghos-pot-?
The guest-master compound is a strong published analysis, but the amount of phonetic reduction has led scholars to question its exact form.
openprobableposition text
Is hospes securely reduced from *ghos-pot-?
The guest-master compound is a strong published analysis, but the amount of phonetic reduction has led some scholars to question its exact form.
openestablishedposition text
Do ho- and huo- spellings prove one precisely dated sound change?
No. They establish witness variation across M and C. The available spellings, manuscript dates, and editorial macrons do not by themselves recover one exact phonetic sequence.
openestablishedposition text
Can one exact Old Saxon pronunciation of hōti be recovered?
No. Spellings, cases, manuscript variation, and editorial vowel length do not supply recorded speech or one completely dated phonetic reconstruction.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the spelling friend preserve one stable medieval vowel?
No. OED describes Old English ēo and īo, late monophthongization, and Middle English long and short vowel variants.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the fiógaþ manuscript variant establish exact Old English pronunciation?
No. A spelling variant supports textual variation but does not by itself fix one phonetic value across dialects, periods, and inflections.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Can the exact Old High German pronunciation be recovered from the citation forms?
Not from the reviewed records alone. Quantity marks and consonant spellings encode scholarly analyses, but no audio exists and the dossier does not infer one dialect-neutral phonetic realization.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 3
RANK 164GRADE Aranked reveal
The bed word is Indigenous Caribbean—and its English look-alike is unrelated.
Hammock came through Spanish hamaca from Taíno hamaca. The southern U.S. terrain noun has a separate etymology.
RANK 180GRADE A-ranked reveal
Tea and chai are the same word after different journeys.
Both routes ultimately reach Chinese 茶. The te-type form traveled especially through Southern Min and Dutch maritime networks; the cha/chai-type family spread especially overland. WALS shows this is a global tendency with real exceptions, not a perfect rule.
RANK 192GRADE A-contrarian claim
The route is a network, not an arrow.
Russian чай reaches Chinese ch’a through a cluster of Turkic comparisons. Vasmer does not license one clean, uniquely named donor language.
044
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
historical dictionary21 CLAIM LINKS
An Icelandic-English Dictionary — fjándi
Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon / 1874
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary20 CLAIM LINKS
An Icelandic-English Dictionary — FRÆNDI
Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon / 1874
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary5 CLAIM LINKS
Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch — haʒʒe, swv.
Georg Friedrich Benecke · Wilhelm Müller · Friedrich Zarncke / 1854
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary3 CLAIM LINKS
Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch — haʒʒen, swv.
Matthias Lexer / 1872
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “net.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.