RECURSIVE ANCESTOR EXPLORER
GLOBAL GRAPH ↗NORTH-STAR FEATURE / ROOT OF THE ROOT
WORD → PARENT → PARENT → UNKNOWNGO TO
THE ROOT.
Do not stop at the first ancestor. Follow every cited route—through compounds, reconstructions, and disagreements—until human knowledge actually stops.
START / NODE 1143GothicGothic textual tradition
hatis
A Gothic noun conventionally glossed hate, hatred, anger, or wrath. Project Wulfila reports fifteen corpus tokens in three surface forms: hatis, hatiza, and hatize. Its fourteen biblical tokens translate Greek wrath vocabulary rather than supplying a clean mirror of modern personal dislike: Streitberg maps the family chiefly to orgē, assigns Galatians 5:20 to thumos, and leaves Ephesians 4:31 unresolved because both Greek nouns stand together. The visible Gothic paradigm is also historical evidence: Project Wulfila treats hatis as a neuter a-stem, while Fulk analyzes it as an inherited i-stem transferred to the a-stems.
“The Gothic noun related to English hate survives chiefly as wrath—including the wrath to come and the wrath of God. Its fifteen corpus tokens preserve not one tidy meaning or paradigm, but a semantic translation problem and a remodeled declension.”OPEN COMPLETE WORD DOSSIER ↗
EVERY REVIEWED PARENT, NOT ONE EDITORIAL PATH
FOLLOW EVERY BRANCH.
Compound components and competing routes stay separate. Every arrow retains its sound change, semantic change, scholar, confidence, and exact sources.
01
PARENT ROUTES1 REVIEWED RELATIONSHIP
Gothichatis
hatred, anger, or wrath
↑GO DEEPER
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic*hatiz-hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility
*
RECONSTRUCTED, NOT DIRECTLY ATTESTED
- SOUND CHANGE
- Proto-Germanic *hatiz- is represented by Gothic hatis word-finally and by the stem hatiz- before a vowel-initial ending, visible in hatiza. Gothic then regularizes the inherited i-stem into neuter a-stem inflection.
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- The inherited anger or hostility noun becomes the Gothic translation choice for Greek wrath vocabulary. That contextual specialization does not prove the noun lacked hatred senses elsewhere.
- SCHOLAR
- R. D. Fulk · John T. Koch · Project Wulfila editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — The Gothic forms and paradigm alternation are attested; the Proto-Germanic parent and the direction of prehistoric remodeling are comparative analyses.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the fourth-century Gothic translation tradition and surviving sixth-century manuscripts.
4 CITATIONSLemma hatis — Gothic dictionary and fifteen-token occurrence inventoryLemma hatis, neuter a-stem classification and fifteen-token occurrence inventory Die gotische Bibel — Wörterbuch entry hatisp. 55, hatis (z), full case-and-context inventory A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages — Gothic hatisp. 80, §5.2: hatis transferred to the a-stems; compare i-stem Old English hete and Old Saxon heti Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad-p. 101, HATRED *kad-: Proto-Germanic *hataz ~ *hatiz- and Gothic hatis AUDIT CANONICAL EDGE 1132 ↗
Supplies the synchronic corpus lemma, inflection class, and complete current occurrence count.
ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the hatis, hatiza, and hatize paradigm and its Greek translation equivalents.
ORIGINAL ↗Identifies Gothic a-stem remodeling of an inherited i-stem comparison.
ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the Germanic reconstruction and branch comparison.
ORIGINAL ↗THE ASTERISK IS A PROMISE
RECONSTRUCTION IS
NOT INSCRIPTION.
Crossing into a starred form changes the evidence class. The interface marks that crossing, preserves confidence, and never manufactures the next root to make the picture look complete.