NODE / 0839boundaryBeyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
No securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed see root.
- DATE
- before the reviewed *h₃ekʷ- reconstruction
- SENSE
- person deep boundary
- FAMILY
- unclassified
- CANONICAL KEY
- boundary:145:9
The boundary coexists with uncertainty much earlier in the persona–phersu–prosōpon route.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No reviewed parent edge extends beyond this canonical node.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 8
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 8
- DEEPEST PATH
- 8
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01knowledge boundaryboundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *h₃ekʷ-.
- MEANING
- The visual-root branch ends where the published comparative analysis ends.
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Greek ὤψ reflects the Indo-European see and eye root *h₃ekʷ-.
- MEANING
- Eye and face continue the visual root field.
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 839 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03compound componentestablished
- SOUND
- Greek πρόσωπον is conventionally analyzed with ὤψ or ὠπ-, eye or face, beside separately modeled pros-.
- MEANING
- Face and eye supply the visible-surface component that develops mask and character senses.
American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Liddell, Scott, and Jones2 CITATIONSEDGE 838 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04proposed comparisonproposed
- SOUND
- Etruscan phersu has been compared with Greek πρόσωπον, but the exact historical direction and mediation are uncertain.
- MEANING
- Masked figure, face, mask, and character provide a semantic comparison.
Merriam-Webster Editors · Marta Di Napoli2 CITATIONSEDGE 837 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05competing borrowingproposed
- SOUND
- Latin persōna is probably related to or borrowed from Etruscan phersu.
- MEANING
- An Etruscan masked figure is proposed behind the Latin mask, role, and person word.
Oxford Classical Dictionary Editors · Marta Di Napoli · Merriam-Webster Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 836 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 061 EDGE
STEP 06inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Anglo-French persone continues Latin persōna.
- MEANING
- Mask, role, character, and person senses travel through Romance.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 835 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 071 EDGE
STEP 07borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English persone was borrowed through Anglo-French persone.
- MEANING
- The person and character noun crosses through French into English.
HISTORICAL STEP 081 EDGE
STEP 08continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern person continues Middle English persone with loss of final unstressed e and stabilized spelling.
- MEANING
- Role and individual reference develop into the modern person noun.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 833 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE