NODE / 0216attestedMiddle Persian
mān-
remain, wait
- DATE
- Middle Persian
- SENSE
- remain wait
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / Iranian
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:20:man:attested:sense:remain-wait
Earlier Iranian verbal base reported by Merriam-Webster.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERhistorical continuationprobable
Old Persian · Old Persian · remain waitmān-
remain, wait
- SOUND
- Middle Persian mān- continues the Old Persian verbal base evidenced in amānaya.
- MEANING
- Remain or wait stays stable.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Old to Middle Persian.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — The source supplies the Old Persian comparison but not a complete paradigm.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANThistorical continuationestablished
Persian · Persian · remainmāndan
to remain
- SOUND
- Persian māndan continues the earlier Iranian base mān- with an infinitival ending.
- MEANING
- The meaning “remain, wait” continues.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Middle to New Persian.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- established
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST PATH
- 6
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Persian māndan continues the earlier Iranian base mān- with an infinitival ending.
- MEANING
- The meaning “remain, wait” continues.
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02inflectional derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Persian mānd is the verbal adjective associated with māndan.
- MEANING
- The action “remain” yields the state “left, at a loss, helpless.”
HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- Persian mānd is borrowed into Arabic chess usage as māt, with final consonant adaptation.
- MEANING
- Left or helpless is specialized as the state of a trapped king.
Merriam-Webster Editors · Bo Utas2 CITATIONSEDGE 206 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04compound memberprobable
- SOUND
- The second member mat continues Arabic māt with little phonological change in French.
- MEANING
- A state of helplessness or defeat supplies the result component of the compound.
Merriam-Webster Editors · Bo Utas2 CITATIONSEDGE 205 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05borrowing and derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Anglo-French eschec mat is borrowed as Middle English chek mat and supplies the derived verb chekmaten.
- MEANING
- The announcement that a king cannot escape becomes both a chess result and complete frustration.
HISTORICAL STEP 061 EDGE
STEP 06historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English chekmaten / chekmat stabilizes as modern checkmate.
- MEANING
- Chess defeat and complete frustration continue together into modern English.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE