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THE GRAPH.
Find a modern word—or search sideways through reconstructed roots, historical forms, meanings, languages, scholars, sources, claims, disputes, and witnesses.
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MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounexact headword
rēx
The Latin third-declension noun for a king, ruler, chief, or leader, cited as rēx, rēgis and built on the bound stem rēg-.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectiveexact historical form
regal
Of, relating to, or suitable for a monarch; borrowed through French or directly from Latin rēgālis.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectiveexact historical form
royal
Of a monarch, crown, or kingdom; borrowed through Anglo-French from Latin rēgālis and rēx.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗021
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
034
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 4
resolvedestablishedexact word
Is the x of rēx an inherited single stem consonant?
No. In the Latin nominative, stem rēg- combines with -s; g devoices to k before s and the /ks/ cluster is spelled x. The genitive rēgis preserves visible g.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Did genitive rēgis historically produce nominative rēx?
No. Rēx and rēgis are inflected forms in one paradigm. The graph uses the genitive to expose the stem, not as a chronological parent word.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Did Latin rēx produce Old Irish rí or Gaulish -rīx?
No. The reviewed comparative sources treat the Latin and Celtic forms as inherited cognates in separate Italic and Celtic branches; Celtic raises inherited *ē to *ī.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Did royal and regal enter English through one identical route?
No. Both descend from Latin rēgālis, but royal crosses through Anglo-French roial or real while regal has Old French, Anglo-French, and direct-Latin transmission reported by different authorities.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 0
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BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
scholarly lexicon7 CLAIM LINKS
rēx — Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary
Charlton T. Lewis · Charles Short · Scaife ATLAS Editors / 1879
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗scholarly reference6 CLAIM LINKS
Lecture 23: Historical Linguistics — Latin rēx, rēgis, and sound change
Norvin W. Richards / 2022
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.