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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL5 source sections across 2 headwords matching “Ban”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
BanEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
* As a Hungarian surname, from Bán. * As a Hungarian and Serbo-Croatian surname, from bán (“governor”), probably related to Avar баян (bajan, “rich man”). * As a Slovene, reduced from Urban. * As a German surname, spelling variant of Bann. * As a Japanese surname, from 坂 (Ban). * As a Korean surname, spelling variant of Pan. * As a Chinese surname, from 班 (Bān).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗banEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Inherited from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to banish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”), from Proto-West Germanic *bannan; and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भन॑ति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗banEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗banEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗banEnglish (en) · Etymology 4Source text
From South Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Mayhew–Skeat (1888)
1888; pinned HTML transcription updated October 28, 2024016
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
verb · noundossier summary
check
To verify, restrain, mark, or issue a bank draft today; a word whose oldest English history begins with a threatened king in chess.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
emoticon
A keyboard-character sequence depicting a facial expression, posture, emotion, or attitude; an English compound of emotion and icon.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
emotion
Feeling or affect; borrowed through French from a Latin movement family and first used in English for disturbance, agitation, or social movement.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
husband
A married man in relation to a spouse; borrowed from a Norse compound whose earlier center was householder or master of a house.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectivedossier summary
liufs
The normalized Gothic adjective meaning dear or beloved, preserved through inflected manuscript forms including liuba and liubans.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · adjective · verbcontrarian claim
taboo
An English borrowing recorded in 1777 from Tongan tabu, now tapu, within an Oceanic family whose reconstructed form joins ritual restriction with sacredness.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗027
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Present-Day English / Indo-European
check
verify, restrain, inspect, mark; a bank draft
- DATE
- 14th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
emotion
feeling; originally also disturbance, agitation, or social movement
- DATE
- 1579–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 2
Present-Day English / Indo-European
husband
married man in relation to a spouse
- DATE
- 13th century–today
- MATCH
- transliteration
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
husbonde
husband; householder
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle French / Indo-European
émotion
movement, agitation, or disturbance
- DATE
- Middle French, 16th century
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 2
Ancient Greek / Indo-European
κλίβανος
klíbanosearthen baking vessel; tandoor
- DATE
- Ancient Greek
- MATCH
- transliteration
- DOSSIERS
- 0
Ancient Greek / Indo-European
κρίβανος
kríbanosearthen baking vessel; tandoor
- DATE
- Ancient Greek
- MATCH
- transliteration
- DOSSIERS
- 0
0311
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 6
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is Hass categorically incapable of a plural?
No across history. DWDS marks current Hass as singular-only, while DWB calls historical plurals rare and quotes theological hasse and poetic die hasse.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did check begin with verification?
No. The oldest sequence starts with chess, then stop and restraint; verification and banking are later semantic branches.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the Roman tenth-member story invented?
No. The Latin and historical punishment sense is real; the error is using etymology to ban later English meanings.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Could hatia concern damaging or hindering a road?
Yes in the reviewed legal records. The Register to Jus Municipale Frisonum pairs hatijen with hindrien on the army road, and the Book of Rudolf places hatie in a ban concerning that road.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is husband a native English kinship term built from house plus band?
No. English borrowed a Norse householder compound: hūs plus bōndi or būandi. Band is not a component.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did husband originally mean only a married man?
No. The earlier center was householder or master of a house; household and spouse senses overlapped before the modern specialization.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 5
RANK 69GRADE Acontrarian claim
Your bank check began as a threat to a king.
Persian šāh becomes a chess warning, French eschec, and English check. Stop and restraint later produce verification and the anti-forgery counterfoil behind the bank draft.
RANK 120GRADE Acontrarian claim
A husband was a householder before he was a spouse.
English borrowed Old Norse hūsbōndi, house plus householder; spouse meaning grew from household status.
RANK 144GRADE Aranked reveal
Emotion first moved crowds before it named inner feeling.
English emotion begins in disturbance, agitation, and social movement; strong feeling emerges later from the same movement-out family.
RANK 151GRADE Aranked reveal
The king is still hiding inside check.
English shah directly borrows the Persian royal title. A much longer route through chess vocabulary carries that same king-word into English check and its later restraint, verification, and banking senses.
RANK 158GRADE Aranked reveal
A starred Gothic lemma can still be manuscript-attested.
Project Wulfila writes *liufs because the normalized citation form is inferred from inflections. Forms such as liuba and liubans survive in named codices, so this is not the same kind of star as Proto-Germanic *leubaz.
048
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
etymological dictionary31 CLAIM LINKS
Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vijand
Marlies Philippa · Frans Debrabandere · Arend Quak · Tanneke Schoonheim · Nicoline van der Sijs / 2009
author or editorAUDIT EVERY USE ↗etymological dictionary28 CLAIM LINKS
Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vriend
Marlies Philippa · Frans Debrabandere · Arend Quak · Tanneke Schoonheim · Nicoline van der Sijs / 2009
author or editorAUDIT EVERY USE ↗scholarly article17 CLAIM LINKS
Urban legends: Turkish kayık “boat” and “Eskimo” qayaq “kayak”
José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente / 2010
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary13 CLAIM LINKS
Husband — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use
Merriam-Webster Editors / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗digital scholarly edition9 CLAIM LINKS
Heliand Cgm 25 transcription after Schmeller 1830 with Sievers 1878 verse numbering
Johann Andreas Schmeller · Eduard Sievers · Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe / 1830
author or editorAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary8 CLAIM LINKS
Husband — American Heritage Dictionary and Word History
American Heritage Dictionary Editors / 2022
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗institutional lexicon4 CLAIM LINKS
Bók — creek
Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians / 2026
author or editorAUDIT EVERY USE ↗dataset documentation1 CLAIM LINKS
Söderwall: Ordbok öfver svenska medeltids-språket — resource metadata
Språkbanken Text
author or editorAUDIT EVERY USE ↗057
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDmanuscript
Codex Argenteus, Luke 1:71
hatan / hatan / early 6th century
Codex Argenteus facsimile 145 — folio 123r, Luke 1:69–77witness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDmanuscript
Codex Argenteus, Luke 1:71
fijan / fijan / early 6th century
Codex Argenteus facsimile 145 — folio 123r, Luke 1:69–77witness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
A banking-exchange passage in John Harris’s Lexicon technicum uses Salary for the banker’s compensation.
salary / salary / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and scienceswitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk record discussed by Alonso de la Fuente
kayguk / kayık / 11th-century kayguk report
Urban legends: Turkish kayık “boat” and “Eskimo” qayaq “kayak”reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexicographic first use
Merriam-Webster source-reported English record
emotion / emotion / 1579
Emotion — Definition, Word History, and First Known Usewitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexicographic first use
Merriam-Webster first-known-use report for husband
husband / husband / 13th century
Husband — Definition, Word History, and First Known Usereporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Book of Rudolf
hatia / hatia / text dated 1220-1300; manuscript J dated 1520-1540; source-reported
Corpus Oudfries — hatia in the Book of Rudolfwitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.