NODE / 0099attestedClassical Arabic
al-Khwārizmī
TRANSLITERATION al-Khwārizmī
the Khwārizmian; name of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
- DATE
- 9th century
- SENSE
- default
- FAMILY
- Afro-Asiatic / Semitic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:15:al-khwarizmi:attested
A personal nisba, not a reconstructed root.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTeponymic borrowingestablished
Medieval Latin · 12th–15th centuriesalgorismus
arithmetic; computation with Hindu-Arabic numerals
- SOUND
- The Arabic name al-Khwārizmī was heavily Latinized as Algoritmi / algorismus; the initial article was absorbed into the form.
- MEANING
- A scholar's geographic name came to denote the arithmetic associated with transmitted texts.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Latin arithmetic texts circulated from the 12th century.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster · MacTutor editors
- CONFIDENCE
- established
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST PATH
- 3
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 2
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01eponymic borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- The Arabic name al-Khwārizmī was heavily Latinized as Algoritmi / algorismus; the initial article was absorbed into the form.
- MEANING
- A scholar's geographic name came to denote the arithmetic associated with transmitted texts.
Merriam-Webster · MacTutor editors3 CITATIONSEDGE 85 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 022 EDGES
STEP 02borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English and French forms adapted Medieval Latin algorismus with variable vowels and endings.
- MEANING
- The art of reckoning with Hindu-Arabic numerals remained central.
STEP 02borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- Old French algorisme / augorisme adapts Medieval Latin algorismus with Romance vowel and ending changes.
- MEANING
- The learned arithmetic term enters vernacular calculation vocabulary.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline · MacTutor editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 497 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 033 EDGES
STEP 03alterationprobable
- SOUND
- The older ending -ism was reshaped to -ithm, commonly explained through association with Greek arithmos “number.”
- MEANING
- Arithmetic or numeral procedure narrowed and generalized into a finite stepwise procedure.
Merriam-Webster · MacTutor editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 83 ↗ STEP 03historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English algorisme / augrim stabilizes as the historical headword algorism with regularized spelling and pronunciation.
- MEANING
- Calculation with Hindu-Arabic numerals remains central; later use becomes chiefly historical.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 495 ↗ STEP 03borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- Middle English forms adapt Old French algorisme / augorisme with variable vowels, consonants, and endings.
- MEANING
- The art of reckoning with Hindu-Arabic numerals remains central.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 496 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE