*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 1041attestedLatin

rēgis

TRANSLITERATION rēgis

of a king; genitive singular of rēx

DATE
Latin antiquity
SENSE
king genitive
FAMILY
Indo-European / Italic
CANONICAL KEY
node:9:regis:attested:sense:king-genitive

A real inflected case form that exposes g between vowels. It is a paradigm sibling used to reveal the stem, not the historical ancestor of the nominative.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
GO DEEPERinflectionestablished
Latin · Latin bound lexical stem · king stem

rēg-

king stem used outside the nominative singular

SOUND
Removing the genitive singular ending -is from rēgis exposes the bound stem rēg-.
MEANING
The stem retains the king meaning across the inflectional paradigm.
CHRONOLOGY
The bound stem is evidenced by multiple Latin case forms and is not printed as an autonomous token.
SCHOLAR
Norvin W. Richards · Charlton T. Lewis · Charles Short
CONFIDENCE
established
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

1
DESCENDANTinflectionestablished
Latin · Latin · king noun

rēx

king

SOUND
Nominative rēx and genitive rēgis belong to one paradigm: stem-final g before nominative -s devoices to k, and Latin writes the resulting /ks/ cluster as x; intervocalic g remains visible in rēgis.
MEANING
Both forms mean king in different grammatical cases; no semantic ancestry runs from one case form to the other.
CHRONOLOGY
Synchronic Latin morphology illuminated by historical sound change.
SCHOLAR
Norvin W. Richards · Charlton T. Lewis · Charles Short
CONFIDENCE
established — The edge is a navigational paradigm relation, not a claim that genitive rēgis historically produced nominative rēx.
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

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This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
11
REVIEWED EDGES
11
DEEPEST PATH
5
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
4
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inflectionestablished
SOUND
Nominative rēx and genitive rēgis belong to one paradigm: stem-final g before nominative -s devoices to k, and Latin writes the resulting /ks/ cluster as x; intervocalic g remains visible in rēgis.
MEANING
Both forms mean king in different grammatical cases; no semantic ancestry runs from one case form to the other.
Norvin W. Richards · Charlton T. Lewis · Charles Short2 CITATIONSEDGE 1038 ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 033 EDGES
HISTORICAL STEP 043 EDGES
STEP 04borrowingprobable
SOUND
Middle English regal was borrowed through Old French, with direct Latin or Anglo-French transmission also reported.
MEANING
The monarch adjective enters English while the exact medieval channel remains plural in the authorities.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 756 ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 053 EDGES
STEP 05continuationestablished
SOUND
Modern royal continues Middle English roial through English spelling and sound history.
MEANING
Of a monarch or crown expands to magnificent and superior.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 747 ↗
STEP 05continuationestablished
SOUND
Modern regal continues the Middle English adjective.
MEANING
Royal or kingly expands to magnificent or splendid.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 755 ↗
STEP 05continuationestablished
SOUND
Modern realm continues Middle English realme through spelling reduction.
MEANING
Kingdom broadens to any domain or sphere.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 763 ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

1
05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

1