Old Frisian h corresponds to the Germanic fricative Orel writes x. The attested weak-verb forms show spelling and inflectional variation including hatia, hatijen, hatie, hata, and hatien, but the reviewed sources do not publish one complete dated series of intermediate spoken changes.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1228inheritanceprobable
A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.
A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
hatia
to hate or reject; to damage; in feud-language, to harm or pursue as an enemy
OPEN NODE 1256 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic reconstruction alternatives · hate class three reconstruction*xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan
reconstructed class-III or related weak verbs meaning hate
OPEN NODE 1149 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The inherited hostility verb is used across hate or rejection, damage, feud-language enemy pursuit, road obstruction, legal adversity, and theological condemnation. No dictionary sense order is promoted as a chronological semantic path.
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into source-reported Old Frisian legal and theological records.
Vladimir Orel · Dietrich Hofmann · Anne Tjerk Popkema · Corpus Oudfries editors
probable — The comparative Germanic family is published, but reconstruction notation varies and one corpus homograph must be excluded from the hate lineage.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — *xataz, *xatjanan, and *xatōjananp. 203, *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan and Old Frisian hatia
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the reconstructed weak-verb alternation and the Old Frisian daughter.
Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch — extracted entry hatiaHeadword hatia, variants and senses 1-2
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Documents the Old Frisian verb, its variants, and the hate, reject, damage, and feud-language range.
Corpus Oudfries — About and version 1.0Version 1.0 corpus scope and annotation method
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Defines the bounded current corpus and its lexicographic annotation basis.
Die Brokmer Rechtshandschriften — B 101 and critical note hatia = atiaB 101 critical note: hatia = atia "rear" with prothetic h
challengesAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Excludes one apparent corpus hit from the inherited hate verb rather than letting spelling alone define the lineage.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE