820 canonical forms + 578 route stages.
THE TIMELINE ATLAS
JOURNEY ATLAS ↗FORM / ROUTE / BOUND
1398 REVIEWED EVENTSLANGUAGE
IN TIME.
One cross-word chronology for every defensibly bounded form and journey stage—without converting a vague historical label into a fake year.
A reviewed graph bound, not a claim of an earliest human word.
Only stages with directly cited numeric bounds enter this atlas.
Labels remain visible in Journey Atlas, but not parsed into false years.
0012 MATCHING EVENTS
FILTER THE CHRONOLOGY
WHEN DID THE EVIDENCE LAND?
TWO CLOCKS.
NO FALSE PRECISION.
FORM CHRONOLOGY dates a canonical linguistic form or reconstruction in the lexical graph.
ROUTE CHRONOLOGY dates a geographic or transmission stage in a word’s journey.
They can share an era band, but they are never silently treated as the same kind of claim.
CROSS-WORD CHRONOLOGY / EARLIEST BOUND FIRST
THE EVIDENCE IN TIME
Prehistory1 ON THIS PAGE
4500 BCE–2500 BCErange
ROUTE STAGEProposed Indo-European linguistic horizon
cais
*kad- and *kad-t/si-
The deepest displayed route is a cross-branch comparative proposal. No archaeological point, single speech community, or original love-versus-hate meaning is asserted.
Antiquity5 ON THIS PAGE
500 BCE–200 CErange
ROUTE STAGEProto-Germanic linguistic horizon
friend
*frī-
The like, love, or friendly base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence; no Proto-Germanic speaker, homeland point, or manuscript token is claimed.
500 BCE–200 CErange
ROUTE STAGEProto-Germanic lexical horizon
Freund
*frī-
The love or favor base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence; no single homeland point or recorded token is claimed.
500 BCE–200 CErange
ROUTE STAGEProto-Germanic lexical horizon
vriend
*frī-
The love or favor base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence and is not pinned to one location.
500 BCE–200 CErange
ROUTE STAGEProto-Germanic linguistic horizon
frændi
*frī-
The like, love, or friendly base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence; no Proto-Germanic speaker, homeland point, or written occurrence is claimed.
500 BCE–200 CErange
ROUTE STAGEProto-Germanic linguistic horizon
frēond
*frī-
The like, love, or friendly base is reconstructed from daughter-language evidence. No Proto-Germanic speaker, homeland point, or written occurrence is claimed.
Medieval5 ON THIS PAGE
900 CE–1200 CErange
ROUTE STAGEMedieval Irish textual and glossary tradition
cais
cais and caise
eDIL groups citations capable of love or hate readings under its first cais headword. Individual cited objects and composition dates were not normalized or directly inspected.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A conventional Middle Irish language-stage range; it is not an earliest-use claim for the headword or either sense.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1050 CE–1350 CErange
ROUTE STAGEMiddle High German textual record
Freund
vriunt
Pfeifer and Grimm document friend, neighbor, lover, and relative senses across the Middle High German record.
1175 CE–1225 CEcirca
ROUTE STAGEOld Norse homily manuscript tradition
hata
Holm perg 15 4° folio 89v, c1200
A directly inspected leaf writes hata in a command that contrasts love with hating no person. The scan establishes a textual object, not one geographic birthplace.
BEFORE 1200 CEbefore
ROUTE STAGEAnglo-Saxon England
love
Old English period; English record before 12th c.
Bosworth–Toller documents Old English lufu; Merriam-Webster traces Middle English love from that form and reports English use before the twelfth century.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The directly reviewed lexicographic record establishes an English first-known-use horizon before the twelfth century. The route does not promote the older undemonstrated “before 725” label into numeric chronology.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1400 CE–1500 CErange
ROUTE STAGELate-medieval and early-modern textual transmission
hata
rejection, humiliation, and ordinary hate
ONP citations preserve contempt for gold, humiliation with insults, and many love-versus-hate contexts across later witnesses.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
A textual-transmission range, not proof that any meaning began or ended there.
AUDIT RECORD ↗Early modern1 ON THIS PAGE
1500 CE →open
ROUTE STAGEGlobal English
love
1500–today
The word continues through the worldwide history of English: colonial expansion, migration, localization, and modern international use.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The numeric layer marks the early-modern-to-current global-English stage, not the first known use of love. Cambridge traces the worldwide expansion of English from early modern voyages through colonial and postcolonial adoption.
AUDIT RECORD ↗UNBOUNDED IS
A REAL RESULT.
Stages without source-backed numeric bounds stay in their complete Journey Atlas route, carry an explicit temporal note, and remain absent here until the evidence supports normalization. The missing point is visible work—not permission to guess.