820 canonical forms + 578 route stages.
THE TIMELINE ATLAS
JOURNEY ATLAS ↗FORM / ROUTE / BOUND
1398 REVIEWED EVENTSLANGUAGE
IN TIME.
One cross-word chronology for every defensibly bounded form and journey stage—without converting a vague historical label into a fake year.
A reviewed graph bound, not a claim of an earliest human word.
Only stages with directly cited numeric bounds enter this atlas.
Labels remain visible in Journey Atlas, but not parsed into false years.
009 MATCHING EVENTS
FILTER THE CHRONOLOGY
WHEN DID THE EVIDENCE LAND?
TWO CLOCKS.
NO FALSE PRECISION.
FORM CHRONOLOGY dates a canonical linguistic form or reconstruction in the lexical graph.
ROUTE CHRONOLOGY dates a geographic or transmission stage in a word’s journey.
They can share an era band, but they are never silently treated as the same kind of claim.
CROSS-WORD CHRONOLOGY / EARLIEST BOUND FIRST
THE EVIDENCE IN TIME
Antiquity2 ON THIS PAGE
700 BCE–600 CErange
ROUTE STAGEAncient Greek linguistic world
arithmetic
antiquity
Arithmos names number and arithmetike names the counting art.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The broad interval locates the attested Greek lexical stage rather than a first coinage.
AUDIT RECORD ↗300 BCE–600 CErange
ROUTE STAGERoman world
calculator
Latin antiquity and Late Latin
Calculus, calculāre, and calculātor connect counting pebbles, computation, and the human arithmetic teacher.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The broad interval locates the reviewed Latin lexical family rather than one coinage event.
AUDIT RECORD ↗Medieval7 ON THIS PAGE
800 CE–899 CEcentury
ROUTE STAGEBaghdad
algorithm
9th century
Al-Khwārizmī worked in the Abbasid scholarly world; his name became attached to arithmetic transmission.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
Al-Khwarizmi's Baghdad scholarly activity is placed only within the ninth century in this route model.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1100 CE–1199 CEcentury
ROUTE STAGEMedieval Latin Europe
algorism
12th century
The Latinized personal name becomes algorismus in arithmetic transmission.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
The century follows the reviewed Latin arithmetic-text horizon without asserting one first manuscript.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1100 CE–1299 CErange
ROUTE STAGELatin and medieval French scholarship
arithmetic
12th–13th centuries
Greek arithmetike passes through Latin arithmetica and Old French arsmetique into vernacular mathematical teaching.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The interval follows the reviewed twelfth-century French and mid-thirteenth-century English horizon without asserting continuous attestation at every point.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1100 CE–1499 CErange
ROUTE STAGEMedieval Latin Europe
algorithm
12th–15th centuries
Latinized name forms become terms for arithmetic with Hindu-Arabic numerals.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
Latin and Middle English arithmetic transmission is modeled across the twelfth through fifteenth centuries.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1200 CE →open
ROUTE STAGEGlobal history of calculation
algorism
early 13th century–today
Algorism remains the historical name for arithmetic with Hindu-Arabic numerals while algorithm becomes its far more prominent altered descendant.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
The open interval begins at the earlier reviewed English horizon and does not claim uninterrupted frequency.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1240 CE–1260 CEcirca
ROUTE STAGEMedieval England
arithmetic
circa 1250 English horizon
Etymonline reports arsmetike in the mid-thirteenth century, while Merriam-Webster's first-known-use report begins in the fifteenth.
2 EVIDENCE LINKS
The ten-year window renders “mid-13th century” approximately and keeps the competing later report visible.
AUDIT RECORD ↗1250 CE →open
ROUTE STAGEGlobal mathematics
arithmetic
mid-13th century–today
Arithmetic continues as a practical and theoretical number discipline while its spelling is realigned with Greek and Latin.
1 EVIDENCE LINK
The open interval begins at the earlier reviewed English horizon and does not claim an exact coinage year.
AUDIT RECORD ↗UNBOUNDED IS
A REAL RESULT.
Stages without source-backed numeric bounds stay in their complete Journey Atlas route, carry an explicit temporal note, and remain absent here until the evidence supports normalization. The missing point is visible work—not permission to guess.