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011
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
021
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
0312
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openprobableexact word
Is fēogan a strong verb or a weak contracted verb?
Bosworth–Toller labels the full FEÓGAN entry strong, but labels linked contracted feón weak and contracted. The displayed past forms in -de also require grammatical explanation. The dossier preserves the source-level tension rather than silently harmonizing it.
openproposedexact word
Is the deepest *peh₁- route established?
No. The Germanic verb comparison is firmer than the proposed Indo-European analysis, whose formal intermediates and semantic unity remain reconstructive.
openspeculativeexact word
When did fēogan cease to be an ordinary verb?
The reviewed evidence does not establish one last-use date or a complete Middle English continuation. The trail therefore stops at the Old English written record instead of inventing an extinction year.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Are fēogan and feón separate hate verbs?
No secure split is modeled. Bosworth–Toller links feón directly as a similar entry and the full paradigm lists feón among fēogan’s contracted variants.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Did fēogan mean only an inward emotion?
No. The dictionary glosses hate and persecute, while examples take people, crimes, evil, unjust ways, law, peace, and a temple as objects.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Is fēogan the direct historical parent of English fiend?
Not as a simple word-to-word descent. Fiend continues Old English fēond, the lexicalized Germanic one-who-hates formation; fēogan continues the related verb base.
resolvedprobableexact word
Is feógende automatically the noun fēond?
No. Feógende is the productive Old English participle listed in the verb paradigm. Fēond is a lexicalized nd-agent noun inherited from the prehistoric formation.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Is this hate verb the same word as feón meaning rejoice?
No. Bosworth–Toller records a separate homographic feón meaning rejoice, be glad, or exult. Shared spelling after contraction does not establish shared sense or ancestry.
resolvedprobableexact word
Was fēogan borrowed from Gothic fijan?
No borrowing is established. Bosworth–Toller presents Gothic, Old High German, and Old Icelandic comparisons, while Kroonen reconstructs their Germanic verbal ancestor.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Do feógean, fiógan, feón, and fión prove separate lexemes?
No. They are presented inside one paradigm or as linked contracted forms. Variation in vowel, spelling, and contraction is evidence about the verb, not a license to multiply headwords.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Are the ten Bosworth–Toller examples the complete fēogan corpus?
No. They are the examples exposed by this dictionary entry, not a count of every surviving token, manuscript, lost text, or spoken use.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Does the fiógaþ manuscript variant establish exact Old English pronunciation?
No. A spelling variant supports textual variation but does not by itself fix one phonetic value across dialects, periods, and inflections.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 0
041
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “feogan.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
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