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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “Ratel”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
ratelEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Borrowed from Afrikaans ratel.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →011
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “ratel.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
0312
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openproposedposition text
Can Latin lēx and Germanic law converge at *legh-?
Possibly, but uncertain. American Heritage presents Latin lēx from *leǵ- as one analysis and separately allows a possible “laid down” route from *legh-.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does -logy simply mean “the study of”?
No. Merriam-Webster gives oral or written expression as one sense and doctrine, theory, or science as another; American Heritage separately gives discourse or expression and science, theory, or study. “Study of” is a useful reading in many formations, not a universal historical definition.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is bride the same historical word as bird?
No. Bosworth-Toller records brȳd, bride or spouse, separately from brid, the young of a bird; the reviewed bride path follows brȳd.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did cais mean only hatred?
No. eDIL explicitly says the noun is explained both as love and hate, gives love glosses such as serc and grádh, and cites passages translated with love or beloved.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does eDIL make the deep etymology settled?
No. eDIL says it is generally not an etymological dictionary and supplies etymologies selectively. The deeper graph route therefore rests on separately cited comparative scholarship.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the infinitive fijan itself written?
Yes, once in the current inventory: John 7:7 writes fijan. The other 41 candidates are inflected forms, and fian is a normalized variant redirect rather than a separately inventoried exact infinitive token.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does DDO listing hater nearby prove fjende still means hater?
No. A near-word list is lexical navigation, not identity. DDO’s definition centers active opposition, harm, or destruction and its origin field separately explains the old participle.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does folio 152r prove the earliest use of frēond?
No. The directly inspected object proves one inflected form in one manuscript witness. It is not a birth certificate for the lexeme or the poem.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are fiiant, fîjant, fiunt, fient, fiand, fiund, and fiend separate ancestry branches?
Not in AWB's article. They are form, spelling, dialectal, and inflectional records inside one headword history, with a few individual corrupt or ambiguous tokens separately flagged.
resolvedprobableposition text
Does hatis underlie Gothic hatjan and hatizōn?
Historical grammar derives class-I hatjan from the consonantal stem of hatis, and the University of Texas derivational table builds class-II hatizōn “be angry” directly on hatiz-. The separate class-III hatan remains a wider paradigm and reconstruction problem rather than a proved direct daughter of this noun.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was hete an isolated noun rather than a word-building base?
No. Bosworth–Toller lists eleven derived first elements ending in -hete; Clark Hall separately records hetenīþ, heterūn, hetesprǣc, hetesweng, and heteðanc.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is Köbler's hėti* a prehistoric proto-form?
No. It is the starred normalized headword of an Old Saxon dictionary entry whose own B field lists written Old Saxon heti and hetias; the entry separately labels Germanic *hati-, *hatiz as its etymology.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 0
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “ratel.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “ratel.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
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