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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL2 source sections across 1 headword matching “Plan”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
planEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Borrowed from French plan (“flat surface, ground plot, map”), from Latin plānus. Some sources also argue for influence or alteration of French plant, from plantar, from Latin plantāre (“set, fix in place”). Doublet of llano, piano, plane, and plain.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗planEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Borrowed from French plan (“flat surface, ground plot, map”), from Latin plānus. Some sources also argue for influence or alteration of French plant, from plantar, from Latin plantāre (“set, fix in place”). Doublet of llano, piano, plane, and plain.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →0112
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
verbhistorical form
calculate
To determine mathematically or estimate, borrowed from a Latin family built around counting with pebbles.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
chai
In current English, a South Asian-style tea commonly prepared with milk and spices; the word belongs to the overland cha/chay transmission family ultimately derived from Chinese 茶.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
chá
The Portuguese word for tea, a European cha-type form associated with sixteenth-century Portuguese contact through Macao rather than the Dutch te-type route.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
etymologist
A specialist in etymology; an English agent noun formed on etymology with -ist.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗verbhistorical form
etymologize
To discover, formulate, state, or study etymologies; an English verb formed from etymology with -ize.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
etymology
The study of the true or original sense of a word—and of the changes that made it what it is.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
legend
A traditional story or explanatory inscription, descended from Latin “things to be read.”
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
tea
The English name of the beverage, carried through the Dutch maritime network from a Southern Min form of the Chinese word 茶.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
tree
A perennial woody plant; inherited through Old English trēow and Germanic *trewam from the firmness-and-wood branch of *deru-.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗Dutch masculine noundossier summary
vijand
The ordinary Dutch noun for an enemy or opponent descends through Middle Dutch viant or vient and Old Dutch fīunt or fīant from a Germanic present-participial formation: literally the hating one. ONW counts twenty-six Old Dutch records and says the corresponding hate verb is no longer known in Dutch; VMNW counts 407 thirteenth-century records across enemy, Devil, and monster senses. Several Dutch etymologists propose that the medieval use for the Devil helped preserve the word’s full ending, unlike vriend, but they mark that explanation as possible or probable rather than demonstrated. The earliest Old Dutch Devil reading is itself textually disputed, and the Wachtendonck Psalms witnesses are later copies, not directly inspected tenth-century objects.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
çay
The Turkish word for tea, ultimately Chinese but analyzed in Turkish scholarship as reaching historical Turkey Turkish through Persian as a bridge language.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
étymologie
The French word for the study or historical explanation of word origins, attested in medieval forms long before its modern scientific scope stabilized.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗0212
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
*
Middle Chinese (reconstructed reading) / Sino-Tibetan
*drae
tea; name of a plant
- DATE
- Middle Chinese reconstruction
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 5
Old Chinese (reconstructed) / Sino-Tibetan
*lˤra
name of a plant
- DATE
- Old Chinese reconstruction
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 7
Present-Day English / Indo-European
calculate
to compute, determine, estimate, or plan
- DATE
- 1542–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Portuguese / Indo-European
chá
tea plant, leaves, infusion, and related current senses
- DATE
- Portuguese record–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old French / Indo-European
ethimologie
title reference, word explanation, or learned wordplay depending on the witness
- DATE
- Old French records from c. 1175
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Latin / Indo-European
etymologia
explanation of a word by its origin
- DATE
- antiquity–medieval
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 3
Latin / Indo-European
etymologia
etymology; explanation by origin
- DATE
- Classical Latin–medieval learned Latin
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
legend
traditional story; inscription; explanatory key
- DATE
- c. 1500–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
tree
perennial woody plant; branching structure
- DATE
- before 12th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Turkish / Turkic
çay
tea plant, leaves, beverage, and later social-event senses
- DATE
- Turkey Turkish record–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
French / Indo-European
étymologie
study or explanation of the origin and historical development of words
- DATE
- Modern French record–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Urdu / Indo-European
چائے
cāytea plant, leaves, beverage, infusion, and tea gathering
- DATE
- standard modern Urdu
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
0319
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openestablishedposition text
Was emoticon first used in 1987 or only by 1992?
Merriam-Webster reports first known use in 1987; Etymonline reports the word by January 1992 and quotes an August 1992 explanation.
openspeculativeposition text
Why did kinship become central in Scandinavian?
Cleasby–Vigfússon and Fritzner propose social explanations involving strong family bonds and mutual obligation, but the textual distribution does not uniquely prove one causal event.
openprobableposition text
Is fēogan a strong verb or a weak contracted verb?
Bosworth–Toller labels the full FEÓGAN entry strong, but labels linked contracted feón weak and contracted. The displayed past forms in -de also require grammatical explanation. The dossier preserves the source-level tension rather than silently harmonizing it.
openprobableposition text
Are hatan and hatjan two Gothic verbs or one fluctuating paradigm?
The sources preserve different analytical levels. Project Wulfila gives separate class-III and class-I lemmas; Orel publishes distinct comparative formations. Braune says hatan fluctuates with class-I hatjan, while Sturtevant proposes a specifically Gothic secondary explanation.
openspeculativeposition text
Did ritual blood relationship create the kin sense?
De Vries proposes a ritual social explanation, but the accessible evidence does not establish it as the unique historical path.
openprobableposition text
Is the marriage sense simply the original meaning of every Homeric token?
No. LSJ says some marriage-based explanations of Iliad 13.464 and related passages are wrong and directs those uses back to anxiety or grief.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are love and hate merely two modern search results rather than one lexicographic headword?
No. eDIL places both explanations, glossary equations, and citations inside headword 1 cais, also caise.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does λόγος simply mean “logic”?
No. λόγος ranges across account, reckoning, explanation, speech, discourse, word, and reason; “logic” is one specialized descendant.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is man derived from the Indo-European think root?
Not in the reviewed American Heritage analysis. It publishes man-¹, human being, separately from men-¹, to think.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the x of rēx an inherited single stem consonant?
No. In the Latin nominative, stem rēg- combines with -s; g devoices to k before s and the /ks/ cluster is spelled x. The genitive rēgis preserves visible g.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does modern vijand refer only to one personally hated individual?
No. Current and historical Dutch evidence covers persons, groups, political or military opponents, figurative threats, diseases, animals, and plant threats.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Must a French étymon be directly attested?
No. Both CNRTL and the Académie explicitly define the explanatory form as attested or reconstructed/hypothetical.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 7
RANK 78GRADE Aranked reveal
The maritime rule has a maritime exception.
Portuguese chá crossed through Macao by sea yet belongs to the cha-type family usually associated with overland diffusion. Historical tendencies are not laws.
RANK 79GRADE Aranked reveal
The modern spelling arrived after the word.
Urdu historical records preserve چا and چاہ before standard modern چائے displaced them. A familiar written form can be the newest layer of an older spoken history.
RANK 94GRADE Aranked reveal
Chai is tea returning through another route.
The source-language forms behind English chai ordinarily mean tea. English specialized one returning member of the wider Chinese tea-word dispersal as a particular drink style.
RANK 147GRADE Aranked reveal
An 11th-century mention is not an 11th-century mass habit.
Bīrūnī’s report establishes Persian scholarly awareness of čāy; it does not date widespread Persian drinking, and Iranica leaves the adoption mechanism unknown.
RANK 180GRADE A-ranked reveal
Tea and chai are the same word after different journeys.
Both routes ultimately reach Chinese 茶. The te-type form traveled especially through Southern Min and Dutch maritime networks; the cha/chai-type family spread especially overland. WALS shows this is a global tendency with real exceptions, not a perfect rule.
RANK 182GRADE A-ranked reveal
“From Chinese” can be true and still hide the history.
Turkish çay ultimately belongs to the Chinese cha family, but the reviewed Turkish study favors Persian as the bridge into historical Turkey Turkish.
RANK 192GRADE A-ranked reveal
The route is a network, not an arrow.
Russian чай reaches Chinese ch’a through a cluster of Turkic comparisons. Vasmer does not license one clean, uniquely named donor language.
043
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
comparative lexicon17 CLAIM LINKS
TAPU [OC] — Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboo
Simon J. Greenhill · Ross Clark · Bruce Biggs / 2010
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗comparative dictionary6 CLAIM LINKS
Comparative Siouan Dictionary — dwell, dwelling, house
Robert L. Rankin, Richard T. Carter, A. Wesley Jones, John E. Koontz, David S. Rood, and Iren Hartmann, editors / 2015
publisherAUDIT EVERY USE ↗lexicographic methodology2 CLAIM LINKS
Combining Forms, Prefixes, and Suffixes — Explanatory Notes
Merriam-Webster Editors / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “plan.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.