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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “Mage”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
mageEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
From Middle English mages (plurale tantum), from Latin magus, from Ancient Greek Μάγος (Mágos), from the hapax Old Persian 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 (m-gu-u-š /maguš/). Doublet of magus.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →015
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nouncontrarian claim
candor
Frankness or honest expression, historically a word for brightness, radiance, whiteness, and unstained purity.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
emoji
An English borrowing of Japanese 絵文字, literally a picture-character compound built from 絵 e “picture” and 文字 moji “written character.”
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗Old Norse weak verbcontrarian claim
hata
Old Norse hata is not only a medieval label for an inward feeling. The Dictionary of Old Norse Prose structures 101 prose citations under four active senses before its participial and reflexive branches: persecute; despise, reject, or cast aside; mock or humiliate; and hate, despise, or stand hostile toward. That ordering is a lexicographic analysis, not a chronology of semantic change. Fritzner independently begins with pursue or seek to destroy, continues through damage or destruction, and only then gives hate opposed to love. Zoëga likewise preserves poetic damage or destruction beside ordinary hate, while Cleasby and Vigfússon record active, reflexive, reciprocal, participial, and disputed poetic uses. Lexicon Poeticum displays eleven linked rows, including variants, damage, destruction, persecution, loathing, haters, and the gold-spending formula, but warns that its concordance has not been reviewed and that dates need checking. A c1200 scan of Holm perg 15 4°, folio 89v, was directly inspected against ONP's diplomatic transcription and visibly preserves hata in the line Elſcaþu hréinlife oc hata engi maɴ. All other rows remain source-reported. The generated possible runic inscriptions on modern dictionary transcriptions are excluded, and no exact historical pronunciation is invented.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗Old Frisian weak verbdossier summary
hatia
Old Frisian hatia is a weak verb whose lexicographic field extends beyond an inward feeling. Hofmann and Popkema give hate or reject, damage, and a feud-language expression for harming or pursuing someone as an enemy. A May 2026 Corpus Oudfries search for word or lemma hatia returns six records in 235,462 tokens, but those are not six instances of this verb. Buma's critical note on Brokmer B 101 explicitly identifies its written hatia as atia "rear" with prothetic h, and Nijdam translates the passage as a poor mother being unable to feed her children. That token is excluded from the hate lineage. The five relevant corpus records occur in legal, road, family, and theological contexts: forms hatijen, hatie, hata, and hatien can concern harming or hindering on a road, a writing or event going against someone, or God hating perjury, lying speech, and false witnesses. The current corpus count is a bounded research surface, not a frequency estimate for medieval speech or a claim about every surviving witness. The underlying manuscripts were not directly inspected for this dossier, no earliest-use claim is made, and no exact historical pronunciation is invented.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
icon
An image, likeness, representative figure, or display symbol, borrowed through Late Latin from Greek eikōn.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗026
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Present-Day English / Indo-European
emoji
a small image, symbol, or icon used in electronic communication
- DATE
- 1997–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old Norse / Indo-European
hata
to persecute; reject or despise; humiliate; hate; damage or destroy in poetic use; become or remain hostile in reflexive constructions
- DATE
- Old Norse prose and poetic record
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old Frisian / Indo-European
hatia
to hate or reject; to damage; in feud-language, to harm or pursue as an enemy
- DATE
- Old Frisian legal and theological records, text 1220-1300 through manuscripts 1490-1540
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
icon
image, likeness, representative symbol, or computer-display symbol
- DATE
- 1572–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Latin / Indo-European
īcōn
image or likeness
- DATE
- Late Latin
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Ancient Greek / Indo-European
εἰκών
eikṓnrepresentation, image, or likeness
- DATE
- Ancient Greek
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
039
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 8
openprobableposition text
Could poetic hata mean damage or destroy?
Probably. Zoëga states damage or destroy; Fritzner supplies poetic examples under damage, spoil, or destroy; the poetic concordance translates records with damage and destruction.
openproposedposition text
Is damage a late semantic extension or an old legal and feud specialization?
Not established. The dictionaries document damage and enemy-pursuit senses, but the reviewed records do not supply a continuous dated semantic transition series.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was the ÁKr fiandanom variant directly read from GKS 3270 4°?
No. ONP’s citation record and linked image index were inspected, but the exact manuscript token was not located and verified on the folio image.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did hata mean only an inward feeling?
No. ONP structures persecution, rejection, humiliation, ordinary hate, participles, and hostile middle-voice constructions; Fritzner independently preserves persecution and damage or destruction.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did hatia mean only inward hatred?
No. Hofmann and Popkema give hate or reject, damage, and a feud-language expression for harming or pursuing someone as an enemy. The corpus records include road and legal-adversity contexts beside theological hate.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Were the Munich hatan and hatandiero readings directly inspected?
Yes. Full-resolution MDZ images of Cgm 25 scans 45 and 142 were visually checked against the line-level transcription and dictionary inventory.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was the Munich heti token directly inspected?
Yes. The full-resolution MDZ image of Cgm 25 scan 41 was visually checked against the dictionary and LWL transcription.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are the sacred image, celebrity, and computer icon different etymological words?
No. They are semantic extensions within the image-and-likeness family; the later uses do not create separate ancestors.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 1
RANK 204GRADE A−ranked reveal
The honest root of icon ends in uncertainty.
Icon securely reaches Greek eikōn “image, likeness.” A proposed deeper comparison is doubtful, so the most revealing answer is the boundary itself.
041
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
052
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDmanuscript
Bókin dýra, Elucidarius
hatr / hatr / c.1150-1200
AM 674 a 4°, Bókin dýra — manuscript record and imagesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexicographic first use
Merriam-Webster source-reported English record
icon / icon / 1572
Icon — Definition, Word History, and First Known Usewitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗06
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Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.