CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 646
DISPUTE
RECORD.
One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
resolvedestablished
Did hatia mean only inward hatred?
No. Hofmann and Popkema give hate or reject, damage, and a feud-language expression for harming or pursuing someone as an enemy. The corpus records include road and legal-adversity contexts beside theological hate.
WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 646
hatia
not directly recoverable · Old Frisian weak verb
Old Frisian hatia is a weak verb whose lexicographic field extends beyond an inward feeling. Hofmann and Popkema give hate or reject, damage, and a feud-language expression for harming or pursuing someone as an enemy. A May 2026 Corpus Oudfries search for word or lemma hatia returns six records in 235,462 tokens, but those are not six instances of this verb. Buma's critical note on Brokmer B 101 explicitly identifies its written hatia as atia "rear" with prothetic h, and Nijdam translates the passage as a poor mother being unable to feed her children. That token is excluded from the hate lineage. The five relevant corpus records occur in legal, road, family, and theological contexts: forms hatijen, hatie, hata, and hatien can concern harming or hindering on a road, a writing or event going against someone, or God hating perjury, lying speech, and false witnesses. The current corpus count is a bounded research surface, not a frequency estimate for medieval speech or a claim about every surviving witness. The underlying manuscripts were not directly inspected for this dossier, no earliest-use claim is made, and no exact historical pronunciation is invented.
01DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
3 SOURCES WITH A STANCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
SOURCE 01supportshistorical dictionary
Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch — extracted entry hatia
Publishes hate, reject, damage, and feud-language enemy pursuit.
Senses 1-2 and hatia ande or noder hinderia expression- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Dietrich Hofmann · Anne Tjerk Popkema
- YEAR
- 2008
- PUBLISHER
- Universitätsverlag Winter · extracted web presentation
SOURCE 02supportslexical corpus record
Corpus Oudfries — hatia in Jurisprudentia Frisica
Supplies legal adversity and theological hate contexts.
Three Jurisprudentia Frisica results- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Corpus Oudfries editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal
SOURCE 03supportslexical corpus record
Corpus Oudfries — hatia in the Register to Jus Municipale Frisonum
Supplies an active road-harm and hindrance context.
hatijen ende toe hindrien op dae heerstraeta- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Corpus Oudfries editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal
02 / EDITORIAL STATE
THE CURRENT RECORD IS RESOLVED.
- CONFIDENCE
- established
- STATUS
- resolved
- LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
- Lexicographic sense divisions and located corpus passages independently show active harm and obstruction.
RESOLUTION NOTEThe leaderboard claims documented range, not a proven chronological sequence.