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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “Erase”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
eraseEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Italic *eks Latin ex Latin ex- Proto-Italic *razdō Latin radō Latin ērādō Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Latin ērāsusder. English erase From Latin ērāsus, past participle of ērādere (“to scrape, to abrade”), from ex- (“out of”) + radere (“to scrape”). Compare Middle English arasen, aracen (“to eradicate, erase”). Displaced native Old English dilegian.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
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Browse the independently attributed sources →011
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “erase.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
0313
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openprobableposition text
Is Heliand 4915 unambiguously an enemy noun?
No. The separate hėttiand entry establishes the lexicalized noun analysis, while the verb entry retains the same readings as participial evidence. The surviving phrase alone does not erase the overlap.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are -logy and -logue interchangeable endings?
No. They are relatives in the Greek logos and legein family, but English -logy follows -logie, Latin -logia, and Greek -logiā, while prologue follows Greek prologos through Latin prologus and French prologue. Related ancestry does not erase distinct formations and transmission paths.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did every Germanic cognate preserve the same semantic history?
No. German Feind remains an ordinary enemy noun, English fiend foregrounds demon and vicious-person senses, and Old Norse is glossed enemy or devil. Shared ancestry does not erase branch-specific semantics.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did conscience always mean only a moral judge?
No. Moral awareness is early and central, but the Latin family and an obsolete English sense also include consciousness or general awareness.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did Danish fjende ever mean the Devil?
Yes in a bounded religious branch. ODS identifies den gamle Fjende and related uses as the Devil, while ordinary enemy remains the general sense.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did every Germanic daughter develop a dominant demon sense?
No. Old Norse retains ordinary enemy and multiple supernatural branches, English foregrounds fiend, while German Feind and Swedish fiende remain ordinary enemy nouns.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did Old English frēond have one regular plural?
No. OED records endingless mutated and unmutated plurals, re-formed frēondas or frīondas, and rare vowel-final analogical forms.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does Latin odire or detestari reveal the exact Old High German nuance by itself?
No. A bilingual alignment is evidence, but translation and gloss practice do not erase contextual or grammatical differences.
resolvedprobableposition text
Is Old High German hazzōn the same formation as Gothic hatizōn?
No such identity is established. Gothic hatizōn is explicitly analyzed as a class-II denominative from hatis through the stem hatiz-, while Orel places Old High German hazzōn under the *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan alternatives. Similar normalized endings do not erase distinct immediate analyses.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was lord originally a divine title?
No. The recorded ancestry leads to Old English hlāford, a household compound of loaf and guardian.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was truth first only correspondence with fact?
No. Merriam-Webster reports the earliest located English use under fidelity or constancy, while modern truth also covers factual correspondence.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did vriend always mean only a non-relative companion?
No. WNT and MNW document relation, lover, ally, patron, address, mediator, and supporter senses.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 1
RANK 49GRADE Aranked reveal
The token is attested even though the dictionary headword wears an asterisk.
Köbler heads the Old Saxon noun hėti* but lists written accusative and dative heti plus genitive hetias beneath it. The exact Munich Heliand token is directly visible in the clause rîkioro manno heti endi harmquidi. The dictionary count three also hides a second distinction: it means three lexical loci, while Heliand 1322 survives with M, C, and V readings, producing five reported witness readings across the dossier. The star therefore belongs to an editorial headword layer; it does not erase the attested surface or turn Old Saxon into Proto-Germanic. The visible Heliand context is endured hostility or persecution, while the Saxon Confession groups hetias with malice, envy, and slander. Even the inherited grammar stays open: Fulk and Köbler use an i-stem analysis, whereas Pfeifer calls the wider noun an old es/os-stem.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “erase.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “erase.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
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