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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL2 source sections across 1 headword matching “Bed”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
bedEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *badją Proto-West Germanic *badi Old English bedd Middle English bed English bed Inherited from Middle English bed, bedde, from Old English bedd, from Proto-West Germanic *badi, from Proto-Germanic *badją (“resting-place, plot of ground”). Cognates Cognate with Scots bed, North Frisian baad, beed, Bēr, Saterland Frisian Bääd, West Frisian bêd, Cimbrian pett, Dutch bed, Dutch Low Saxon bedde, German Bett, Bette, German Low German Bedd, Luxembourgish Bett, Vilamovian bet, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål bed, Faroese and Icelandic beð, beður, Norwegian Nynorsk bed, bedd, Swedish bädd, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌹 (badi), all meaning “bed”. further possible etymology and cognates The Proto-Germanic term may in turn be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to dig”) with various theories explaining the development in meaning. If it is, the term is also cognate with Ancient Greek βοθυρος (bothuros, “pit”), Latin fossa (“ditch”), Latvian bedre (“hole”), Welsh bedd (“grave”), Breton bez (“grave”); and probably also Russian бодать (bodatʹ, “to butt, gore”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗bedEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *badją Proto-West Germanic *badi Old English bedd Middle English bed English bed Inherited from Middle English bed, bedde, from Old English bedd, from Proto-West Germanic *badi, from Proto-Germanic *badją (“resting-place, plot of ground”). Cognates Cognate with Scots bed, North Frisian baad, beed, Bēr, Saterland Frisian Bääd, West Frisian bêd, Cimbrian pett, Dutch bed, Dutch Low Saxon bedde, German Bett, Bette, German Low German Bedd, Luxembourgish Bett, Vilamovian bet, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål bed, Faroese and Icelandic beð, beður, Norwegian Nynorsk bed, bedd, Swedish bädd, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌹 (badi), all meaning “bed”. further possible etymology and cognates The Proto-Germanic term may in turn be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to dig”) with various theories explaining the development in meaning. If it is, the term is also cognate with Ancient Greek βοθυρος (bothuros, “pit”), Latin fossa (“ditch”), Latvian bedre (“hole”), Welsh bedd (“grave”), Breton bez (“grave”); and probably also Russian бодать (bodatʹ, “to butt, gore”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
etymological
Of, relating to, or based on etymology; an Early Modern English adjective whose exact formation is described differently by major historical dictionaries.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗hammock
The suspended-bed sense entered English through Spanish hamaca from Taíno hamaca; it is etymologically separate from the southern U.S. terrain word hammock.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗hogan
An English borrowing of Navajo hooghan, a home or dwelling term with specific Diné cultural reference.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗law
A binding rule, body of rules, or regular principle; a Scandinavian loan in Old English whose deepest secure family means lie or lay.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗shaman
English shaman, recorded by 1698, is ultimately from Evenki šamān. European scholarship later generalized one Siberian term across many unrelated spiritual traditions.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗ἐτήτυμος
A poetic Ancient Greek adjective meaning true, described by LSJ as a reduplicated formation beside ἔτυμος.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
caturaṅga
four-limbed army; chess game-name
- DATE
- 6th century CE
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 0
hamaca
hammock; suspended bed or net
- DATE
- Spanish
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
hammock
a swinging bed or couch slung from supports at both ends
- DATE
- 1626–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
lagu
ordinance, prescribed rule, regulation, or legal district
- DATE
- Old English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
shaman
a spiritual practitioner described in English by the generalized term shaman
- DATE
- 1698–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 1
Are the suspended-bed and terrain senses of hammock one word?
No in the reviewed dictionary. The suspended bed comes from Spanish hamaca from Taíno; the southern U.S. terrain sense is tied to earlier English forms and a Germanic comparison.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 1
The bed word is Indigenous Caribbean—and its English look-alike is unrelated.
Hammock came through Spanish hamaca from Taíno hamaca. The southern U.S. terrain noun has a separate etymology.
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
hetzen — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft
Dudenredaktion
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗Weib — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft
Duden Editors / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗lieb — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft
Dudenredaktion / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗Liebe — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft
Dudenredaktion / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
English lexicographic first-use record for the suspended-bed sense of hammock
hammock / hammock / 1626
Hammock — Word Historyreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Old High German historical-form record for liob reported by Duden
liob / lieb / Old High German period
lieb — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunftreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗Duden modern sense inventory
hetzen / hetzen / Modern German lexicographic record
hetzen — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunftreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
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