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Do not stop at the first ancestor. Follow every cited route—through compounds, reconstructions, and disagreements—until human knowledge actually stops.
START / NODE 787Old IrishOld Irish, 8th–10th centuries
rí
The Old Irish word for a king, with genitive ríg, inherited from Proto-Celtic *rīx-s in the Indo-European king branch.
“Irish rí and Latin rēx are inherited cousins, not evidence that Irish copied its word for king from Rome.”OPEN COMPLETE WORD DOSSIER ↗
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FOLLOW EVERY BRANCH.
Compound components and competing routes stay separate. Every arrow retains its sound change, semantic change, scholar, confidence, and exact sources.
01
PARENT ROUTES1 REVIEWED RELATIONSHIP
Old Irishrí
king; chief or foremost person
↑GO DEEPER
Proto-Celtic · Proto-Celtic*rīx-sking, nominative singular
*
RECONSTRUCTED, NOT DIRECTLY ATTESTED
- SOUND CHANGE
- Proto-Celtic nominative *rīx-s develops to Old Irish rí, while genitive ríg preserves the stem consonant.
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- The king title remains a king noun through the Celtic sound changes.
- SCHOLAR
- Anders Richardt Jørgensen · Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel
- CONFIDENCE
- established
- CHRONOLOGY
- Old Irish is recorded in the early medieval period; Proto-Celtic is reconstructed.
2 CITATIONSOld Irish Online: IntroductionIntroduction, Old Irish between Heritage and Innovation, example 1a Celtic, chapter 9 of The Indo-European Language FamilyCeltic chapter, p. 138: OIr. rí and ríg from PCelt. *rīx-s and *rīg-os AUDIT CANONICAL EDGE 790 ↗
Independently compares rí and ríg with Gaulish -rix and Latin rēx.
ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the Old Irish forms and Proto-Celtic reconstruction.
ORIGINAL ↗THE ASTERISK IS A PROMISE
RECONSTRUCTION IS
NOT INSCRIPTION.
Crossing into a starred form changes the evidence class. The interface marks that crossing, preserves confidence, and never manufactures the next root to make the picture look complete.