NODE / 0221attestedClassical Arabic
al-šaṭranj
TRANSLITERATION al-šaṭranj
chess
- DATE
- early Islamic Arabic
- SENSE
- chess game
- FAMILY
- Afro-Asiatic / Semitic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:15:al-satranj:attested:sense:chess-game
Graph-only competing game-name route documented by Encyclopaedia Iranica.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERborrowingestablished
Persian · Persian · chess gamešatranj
chess
- SOUND
- Persian šatranj is borrowed into Arabic with the definite article al- and the game-name consonant frame retained.
- MEANING
- The game name remains chess.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Early Islamic period.
- SCHOLAR
- Bo Utas
- CONFIDENCE
- established
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTcompeting borrowing routeproposed
Old French · Old French period · chess pieceseschés
chess pieces; chess
- SOUND
- Encyclopaedia Iranica groups Old French eschés with descendants of Arabic al-šaṭranj; the exact phonological mediation conflicts with the reviewed šāh account.
- MEANING
- The traveling name of the game supplies a competing source for the French game name.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Arabic chess vocabulary to medieval French.
- SCHOLAR
- Bo Utas and Encyclopaedia Iranica contributors
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — This edge is a published competing route, not a synthesized consensus.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST PATH
- 4
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01competing borrowing routeproposed
- SOUND
- Encyclopaedia Iranica groups Old French eschés with descendants of Arabic al-šaṭranj; the exact phonological mediation conflicts with the reviewed šāh account.
- MEANING
- The traveling name of the game supplies a competing source for the French game name.
Bo Utas and Encyclopaedia Iranica contributors1 CITATIONEDGE 217 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Anglo-French plural forms continue continental Old French eschés with dialectal spelling differences.
- MEANING
- Chess pieces or checks become the name of the game as a whole.
HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Anglo-French escheks / eschez enters Middle English as chesse, ches, and esches.
- MEANING
- The formally plural French game name becomes an English mass/singular game name.
HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English chesse / ches stabilizes as modern chess with final spelling simplification.
- MEANING
- The board-game meaning remains stable.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE