Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo work as a chef; to prepare and cook food professionally. · To stab with a knife, to shank. · To impress others.
Etymology tree substratebor.? Proto-Indo-European *kap-? Proto-Indo-European *kap- Proto-Indo-European *káput Proto-Italic *kaput Latin caput Vulgar Latin capus Old French chief Middle French chief French chefubor. English chef Unadapted borrowing from French chef (from the positions of chef d'office and chef de cuisine), from Old French chief (“head, leader”) (English chief), from Vulgar Latin capus (“head”) (from which also captain, chieftain), from Latin caput (“head”) (possibly related to English cap (“head covering”)). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, and chief through Latin, and head and Howth through Proto-Indo-European.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "fr:chef",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *káput\nProto-Italic *kaput\nLatin caput\nVulgar Latin capus\nOld French chief\nMiddle French chief\nFrench chefubor.\nEnglish chef\n[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"seize\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*káput\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kaput\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caput\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"capus\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"chief\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"chief\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"chef\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"chef\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"chef\">"
},
{
"name": "ubor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "chef"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French chef"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chief",
"4": "",
"5": "head, leader"
},
"expansion": "Old French chief (“head, leader”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chief",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "chief"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "capus",
"4": "",
"5": "head"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin capus (“head”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "caput",
"4": "",
"5": "head"
},
"expansion": "Latin caput (“head”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cape",
"3": "capo",
"4": "caput",
"5": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cape, capo, caput, and chief"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "head",
"3": "Howth",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "head and Howth"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "fr:chef",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *káput\nProto-Italic *kaput\nLatin caput\nVulgar Latin capus\nOld French chief\nMiddle French chief\nFrench chefubor.\nEnglish chef"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*kap-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-#Proto-Indo-European:_seize"
],
[
"*kap-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-#Proto-Indo-European:_head"
],
[
"*káput",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/káput#Proto-Indo-European:_head"
],
[
"*kaput",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kaput#Proto-Italic:_head"
],
[
"caput",
"caput#Latin"
],
[
"capus",
"capus#Latin:_head"
],
[
"chief",
"chief#Old_French"
],
[
"chief",
"chief#Middle_French"
],
[
"chef",
"chef#French"
],
[
"chef",
"chef#French"
],
[
"d'",
"d'#French"
],
[
"office",
"office#French"
],
[
"chef de cuisine",
"chef de cuisine#English"
],
[
"chief",
"chief#Old_French"
],
[
"chief",
"chief#English"
],
[
"capus",
"capus#Latin"
],
[
"captain",
"captain#English"
],
[
"chieftain",
"chieftain#English"
],
[
"caput",
"caput#Latin"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#English"
],
[
"cape",
"cape#English"
],
[
"capo",
"capo#English"
],
[
"caput",
"caput#English"
],
[
"chief",
"chief#English"
],
[
"head",
"head#English"
],
[
"Howth",
"Howth#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "ше́фнуть",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "šéfnutʹ"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To work as a chef; to prepare and cook food professionally.",
"To stab with a knife, to shank.",
"To impress others."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"stative",
"Multicultural-London-English",
"transitive",
"Internet"
],
"recordId": "e159514991dc41d522859698280751e6c38891beda4d77ca7fecf82af5fe00db",
"rawRecordSha256": "598ea49bfa84e4e048c0b290c6bf77cc1fc8670d9d792baaf0dac6afc7a953d2",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 235439
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}