Reviewed dossiers resolved from the request.
MULTI-WORD EVIDENCE LAB
PAIRWISE LAB ↗THE QUESTION THE GRAPH WAS BUILT TO ANSWER2–8 WORDS
CONNECT
THE WHOLE
FAMILY.
Ask how several words are related. *SET-U computes pairwise shortest paths, then builds a compact spanning forest from cited lexical edges. A shared person or text may bridge islands, but it is never mislabeled as ancestry.
Distinct forms in the spanning evidence network.
Distinct cited lexical relationships used.
Distinct bibliographic records supporting this view.
ONE REVIEWED NETWORK2 lexical branches · 0 context bridges
01
THE SPANNING EVIDENCE FOREST
2 BRANCHES CONNECT THE RESOLVED WORDS
REVIEWED LEXICAL PATH
2 EDGESkapu ↔ tapu
01
Hawaiian · Hawaiian record–today
attestedkapu
prohibited, forbidden, sacred, consecrated, or set apart
inheritance
Sacred, prohibited, consecrated, and set-apart senses continue across the family.
SOUND + EVIDENCE
Hawaiian kapu reflects the characteristic Hawaiian development of earlier *t to k after the older k-space changed; the rest of the form remains visibly close.
Robert A. Blust · POLLEX editors · probableTAPU [OC] — Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboo · Hawaiian kapu reflex under OC.TAPU; POC *tampu note ↗OPEN EDGE 518 ↗02
Proto-Oceanic · Proto-Oceanic reconstruction
reconstructed*tampu
sacred, forbidden; under ritual restriction
inheritance
Sacredness, prohibition, restriction, and being set apart remain central.
SOUND + EVIDENCE
Māori tapu preserves the t and vowels of the wider Oceanic comparison; intermediate subgroup stages are not invented.
POLLEX editors · John C. Moorfield · probableTAPU [OC] — Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboo · New Zealand Maori reflex under OC.TAPU; POC *tampu note ↗OPEN EDGE 516 ↗REVIEWED LEXICAL PATH
3 EDGEStaboo ↔ tapu
01
Present-Day English · 1777–today
attestedtaboo
a ritual or social prohibition; prohibited or set apart
borrowing
A Polynesian field joining sacredness and prohibition became an English noun, adjective, and verb for prohibited things and acts.
SOUND + EVIDENCE
Tongan tabu was adapted to the English spelling taboo and English phonology.
Merriam-Webster Editors · POLLEX editors · establishedTaboo — Word History · Word History — Etymology; First Known Use ↗OPEN EDGE 312 ↗02
Tongan · Tongan
attestedtabu / tapu
forbidden, prohibited, unlawful; historically also sacred or consecrated
inheritance
The sacred, prohibited, and ritual-restriction field remains continuous across the comparison.
SOUND + EVIDENCE
POLLEX compares Tongan tapu with Proto-Oceanic *tampu; intermediate Polynesian developments are not over-specified here.
POLLEX editors · probableTAPU [OC] — Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboo · Reconstruction and notes — POC *tampu; Tongan tapu ↗OPEN EDGE 313 ↗03
Proto-Oceanic · Proto-Oceanic reconstruction
reconstructed*tampu
sacred, forbidden; under ritual restriction
inheritance
Sacredness, prohibition, restriction, and being set apart remain central.
SOUND + EVIDENCE
Māori tapu preserves the t and vowels of the wider Oceanic comparison; intermediate subgroup stages are not invented.
POLLEX editors · John C. Moorfield · probableTAPU [OC] — Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboo · New Zealand Maori reflex under OC.TAPU; POC *tampu note ↗OPEN EDGE 516 ↗03
WHAT THIS VIEW PROVES
COMPACT DOES NOT MEAN CERTAIN
Every resolved pair is searched through the undirected reviewed graph, bounded at 12 edges.
Cited ancestry, borrowing, derivation, and semantic continuation paths are preferred over historical-context bridges.
The shortest available pair paths are greedily selected until each connectable word belongs to one network.
This is a compact evidence view, not a claim that scholarship has one uniquely minimal family tree.