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Homer, Iliad 1.445 — πολύστονα κήδεʼ
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Homer · Tufts University digital text editors
- YEAR
- Not recorded
- PUBLISHER
- Tufts University · Scaife Viewer
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- digital critical edition
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Care, grief, funerals, and in-laws occupy one Greek noun—but hate does not secretly mean care.
LSJ's κῆδος entry moves through care and concern, anxiety and grief, troubles, mourning and funeral rites, an object of care, and connection by marriage. Homeric κήδεʼ can be many-troubled woes; Aeschylus can make Helen an object of care while playing on marriage affinity. Comparative sources then place the noun beside Celtic and Germanic hatred words under *ḱh₂d-es- and *ḱeh₂d-. The reveal is not a mystical reversal in which hate “really” means care. Merriam-Webster calls the semantic relations far from transparent, Liberman challenges the wider family's unity, and the Greek evidence itself resists a single linear story.
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → κῆδος
Iliad 1.445Provides the exact Homeric many-troubled-woes line in a digital critical text.
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Is κῆδος an attested Ancient Greek noun?
Yes. LSJ supplies a full neuter-noun entry, Doric κᾶδος, and citations from Homer onward; Scaife independently exposes the Iliad 1.445 line.
Iliad 1.445Independently exposes one exact line in a digital critical text.
Does Iliad 1.445 prove the first use of κῆδος?
No. It proves a line in a modern digital critical text and an ancient textual tradition, not the earliest surviving physical token or the word's invention.
Digital critical edition of Iliad 1.445Verifies the edition line without proving first use or an original manuscript token.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
κῆδος
Iliad, many-troubled woes for the Argives
OPEN WITNESS 502 ↗COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Homeric troubles and concern record
Publishes one exact Homeric line containing elided κήδεʼ.
Iliad 1.445 digital text · broadNON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
WORD-FAMILY REUSE