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6 EVIDENCE COLLECTIONSSEARCH
THE GRAPH.
Find a modern word—or search sideways through reconstructed roots, historical forms, meanings, languages, scholars, sources, claims, disputes, and witnesses.
013
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounexact headword
dough
A kneadable flour mixture; inherited from Old English dāg through a Germanic formation on the Indo-European form-and-build root.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun and adjectivecontrarian claim
dairy
Milk, milk products, or a place and enterprise devoted to them; historically built on the occupational word for a woman managing milk and food production.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun and verbcontrarian claim
figure
A shape, representation, symbol, number, person, or act of calculation; borrowed through French from Latin figūra, form or shape.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗025
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Present-Day English / Indo-European
dough
a kneadable flour-and-liquid mixture
- DATE
- before the 12th century–today
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Germanic / Indo-European
*daiga-
dough; kneaded mass
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic stem
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Germanic / Indo-European
*daigaz
dough
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
dogh
dough
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old English / Indo-European
dāg
dough
- DATE
- Old English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
037
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 4
resolvedestablishedexact word
Does dough descend from lady or lady from dough?
Neither. The dough noun and lady’s kneading component follow separate Germanic formations that meet at *dheigh-.
resolvedestablishedexact word
Is the asterisked dough trail a chain of written words?
No. *daigaz, *dhoigh-o-, *dheigh-, and *dheig̑h- are comparative reconstructions, not manuscript spellings.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are *daigjōn-, *daiga-, and dough *daigaz one interchangeable reconstructed word?
No. They are related formation, stem, and noun shapes with different grammatical and lexical roles.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does figure descend from dough because both mean something shaped?
No. Latin figūra and Germanic dough forms are separate root formations under *dheigh-.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 3
RANK 127GRADE Aexact ranked word
Dough and lady are deep cousins.
Germanic *daigaz, dough, and *dīg-, the kneading branch inside lady, meet at *dheigh-, to form or build.
RANK 128GRADE Acontrarian claim
A figure and dough share a shaping root.
Latin figūra and the Germanic dough noun follow different formations back to *dheigh-, to form or build.
RANK 132GRADE Acontrarian claim
Dairy begins with a woman, then a baker, then dough.
The milk-production place is formed on deie, a woman managing milk, continuing Old English dǣge, female baker or servant, in the dough and shaping family.
042
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.