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Oxford English Dictionary
No extractable etymology was found for this exact spelling. Open the original dictionary entry ↗
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MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “oxford english dictionary.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “oxford english dictionary.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
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WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “oxford english dictionary.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
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BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
historical dictionary91 CLAIM LINKS
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026
Oxford English Dictionary Editors / 2026
title prefixAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary81 CLAIM LINKS
Oxford English Dictionary — friend, n. & adj.
Oxford English Dictionary editors / 2013
title prefixAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary8 CLAIM LINKS
Oxford English Dictionary: clue, n.
Oxford English Dictionary Editors
title prefixAUDIT EVERY USE ↗historical dictionary6 CLAIM LINKS
Oxford English Dictionary: sincere, adj.
Oxford English Dictionary Editors
title prefixAUDIT EVERY USE ↗0512
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
King Alfred’s Pastoral Care, Devil as Old Enemy
fēond / fēond / early Old English, source-reported
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Metres of Boethius, Nero as a wicked person
fēond / fēond / early Old English, source-reported
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Orosius translation, Hannibal as no friend of the Romans
frēond / frēond / early Old English, source-reported
Oxford English Dictionary — friend, n. & adj.reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Beowulf line 101, enemy in hell
fēond / fēond / Old English, source-reported
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Guthlac A, fallen spirits
fēond / fēond / Old English, source-reported
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Ormulum, bridegroom's friend
frẹ̄nd / friend / circa 1175, source-reported
Oxford English Dictionary — friend, n. & adj.reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Friend-versus-foe contrast
fiend / fiend / a1225, possibly composed in Old English
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Malevolent creatures or monsters
fiend / fiend / circa 1275, possibly composed before 1200
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Demon-like being
fiend / fiend / circa 1330, possibly composed before 1300
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Enemy in feudal context
fiend / fiend / 1340
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
The Devil’s snare
fiend / fiend / circa 1405, composed circa 1390
Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexicographic first use
English literary record
clue / clue / late 16th to 17th century
Oxford English Dictionary: clue, n.reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗06
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